问题 问答题 简答题

我国城市管理的政治性主体与参与性主体的关系是什么?

答案

参考答案:

1、城市政府作为权力的主要载体,由城市选民选举产生,因此政府必须满足选民的要求。然而政府可以动用的资源非常有限(通常是预算资金),不能单独完成增加就业、完善设施等任务,所以政府必须寻求与市场力的合作。

2、企业、资本的所有者作为市场力的主要承载者,其最终目的是获得利润。他们趋向于同政府合作,但前提是政府要采取各种方式吸引企业,如减免企业税收,低价提供建设土地,简化建设审批手续,修改、简化规划条例等。这样,政府与企业就形成了“权钱政体”。这一联盟要受到来自社会力的制约。

3、在特定的情况下,政府也要谋求与社会力的合作,从而抑制大企业意志的膨胀或者向中央政府施加压力,获得补贴与各种支持。这样就形成了“权力与社会力政体”,但是“在全球化的今天,争夺国际资本和投资项目是在全球舞台上进行的。由于国际资本的高度流动性,地方政府和一城一地的市民在和市场力谈判时的筹码越来越少,甚至国家政府的影响力也在下降。如果政府真的和社会力结成同盟,坚持要求大企业做出让步,则大企业完全可能会投资到别的城市甚至别的国家”。因此,这一联盟要因时、因情势发挥作用。

阅读理解

My newly-rented small apartment was far away from the centre of London and it was becoming essential for me to find a job, so finally I spent a whole morning getting to town and putting my name down to be considered by London Transport for a job on the underground. They were looking for guards, not drivers. This suited me. I couldn’t drive a car but thought that I could probably guard a train, and perhaps continue to write my poems between stations. The writers Keats and Chekhov had been doctors. T.S. Eliot had worked in a bank and Wallace Stevens for an insurance company. I’d be a subway guard. I could see myself being cheerful, useful, a good man in a crisis. Obviously I’d be overqualified but I was willing to forget about that in return for a steady income and travel privileges — those being particularly welcome to someone living a long way from the city centre.

The next day I sat down, with almost a hundred other candidates, for the intelligence test. I must have done all right because after about half an hour’s wait I was sent into another room for a psychological test. This time there were only about fifty candidates. The interviewer sat at a desk. Candidates were signaled forward to occupy the seat opposite him when the previous occupant had been dismissed, after a greater or shorter time. Obviously the long interviews were the more successful ones. Some of the interviews were as short as five minutes. Mine was the only one that lasted a minute and a half.

I can remember the questions now: “Why did you leave your last job?” “Why did you leave your job before that?” “And the one before that?” I can’t recall my answers, except that they were short at first and grew progressively shorter. His closing statement, I thought, revealed (揭示) a lack of sensitivity which helped to explain why as a psychologist, he had risen no higher than the underground railway. “You’ve failed the psychological test and we are unable to offer you a position.”

Failing to get that job was my low point. Or so I thought, believing that the work was easy. Actually, such jobs — being a postman is another one I still desire — demand exactly the sort of elementary yet responsible awareness that the habitual dreamer is least qualified to give. But I was still far short of full self-understanding. I was also short of cash.

小题1:The writer applied for the job chiefly because _________.

A.he wanted to work in the centre of London

B.he could no longer afford to live without one

C.he was not interested in any other available job

D.he had received some suitable training小题2:The writer thought he was overqualified for the job because _________.

A.he often traveled underground

B.he had written many poems

C.he could deal with difficult situations

D.he had worked in a company小题3:The length of his interview meant that _________.

A.he was not going to be offered the job

B.he had not done well in the intelligence test

C.he did not like the interviewer at all

D.he had little work experience to talk about小题4:What does the writer realize now that he did not realize then?

A.How unpleasant ordinary jobs can be.

B.How difficult it is to be a poet.

C.How unsuitable he was for the job.

D.How badly he did in the interview.小题5:What’s the writer’s opinion of the psychologist?

A.He was very aggressive.

B.He was unhappy with his job.

C.He was quite inefficient.

D.He was rather unsympathetic.

单项选择题