问题 问答题 简答题

详述泄水重力坝消能工的主要形式和原理?

答案

参考答案:泄水重力坝消能工的主要形式:

①底流消能;

②挑流消能;

③面流消能;

④消力戽消能。

底流消能的原理:

①通过水跃将急流转变为缓流而消能;

②主要靠水跃产生的表面旋滚与底流间的强烈紊动、剪切和掺混消能。

挑流消能的原理:

利用泄流建筑物出口处设置的挑流鼻坎,将急流挑向空中,再落入离建筑物较远的下游河道。主要靠急流沿固体边界摩擦而耗能,射流在空中与空气摩擦、掺气和扩散等耗能,射流落入尾水中淹没紊动扩散耗能。

面流消能的原理:

利用鼻坎将急流挑至水面,在主流下面形成旋滚而消能。

消力戽消能的原理:

急流进入潜在水下的戽内发生旋滚,经大量消能后由鼻坎挑向下游水面。

阅读理解

阅读理解(每小题2分,共10分)

A young man once went to buy a pair of pants. When he got home, he went upstairs(上楼)to his bedroom and put them on. He found that they were two inches(英寸) long.

Then he came out of his room to see his mother and his two sisters. They were washing something in the kitchen.“These new pants are too long, they need to be shortened(缩短) about two inches. Would one of you like to do this for me, please?” His mother and sisters were busy and none(没有) of them said anything. The mother went upstairs after she had finished washing and shortened the pants two inches. But she didn’t tell her daughters about it.

Later on, after supper, the elder sister remembered her brother’s pants. So she went upstairs without saying to anyone, and shortened the pants two inches.

The younger sister went to the cinema, but when she came back, she also remembered what her brother had said. So she ran upstairs, and took two inches

off the legs of the new pants

小题1:The new pants were _______.

A.too long for the young man

B.two inches long

C.six inches long

D.too short for the young man小题2:The young man asked ______to shorten his pants.

A.his mother and his two sisters

B.his mother and one of his sister

C.his mother

D.his mother or one of his two sisters小题3:_______,his elder sister shorten his pants.

A.After supper

B.After the mother finished washing

C.After the young man went upstairs

D.After the younger sister went to the cinema小题4:How many inches were the legs of the new pants shortened by at last?

A.Two.

B.Four.

C.Six.

D.Eight.小题5:When the young man put on the pants, he would _______.

A.feel happy

B.be very sad

C.thank his family

D.be very excited

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