问题 问答题 论述题

试论述湿地保护的生态工程对策?

答案

参考答案:

(1)建立湿地自然保护区

设立湿地自然保护区是保护湿地和湿地生物多样性最有效的措施。湿地自然保护区一般划分为核心区,缓冲区和实验区三个功能区。核心区是自然保护区最为重要的区域,是湿地生态系统保存最完好的地段,也是珍稀濒危物种的集中分布区,此区人为干扰最少。缓冲区位于核心区的外围,其面积比核心区要大得多,但其对物种的生存和繁衍比核心区的不安全因素要高。它对核心区有较大的缓冲作用,是自然保护区与周围地区联系的纽带。缓冲区外围还要划出相当面积作为实验区,用作发展本地特有的生物资源的场地;也可作为野生动植物的繁育基地;实验区还可根据当地经济发展需要,建立各种类型的人工生态系统,为本区域的生物多样性恢复进行示范。此外,还可在当地推广实验区的成果,为当地人民谋利益。

(2)湿地立法

目前,我国有环保法、海洋污染法、野生动物保护法等,但是没有专门针对保护区和湿地保护的法律、法规。危害自然保护区和破坏湿地资源的行为仍在继续。我国应根据实际情况,按照《湿地公约》的规定和要求,制定符合我国国情的湿地保护法,将湿地资源的保护和管理纳入法制轨道。地方政府也应结合本地区的具体情况,制订相应的配套法规,使水利、航运、水产、水资源开发、环境保护、芦苇种植、候鸟保护以至旅游、文化景观的管理等都有法可依,依法管理。

(3)利用3S技术,建立实时湿地地理信息系统

利用RS、GIS、GPS等先进技术手段,建立湿地数据库,在地理信息系统平台的支撑下,有效地控制和监测点源和面源污染,对湿地变化进行动态监测,正确指导湿地的持续开发和利用。

(4)宣传教育和科学研究

湿地保护是一项社会性的公益事业,目前社会上对湿地的保护还缺乏认识。因此,各级政府要充分利用各种宣传手段,采取各种形式,开展湿地保护的科普宣传,使湿地保护成为各级领导和广大人民群众的自觉行动。要充分发挥各社会团体科普宣传的优势,提高公众保护湿地的意识。国家科技部和相关部门应进一步重视和支持湿地保护的科学研究工作,加强湿地形成、演化过程、生态功能和效益等基础理论研究;加强湿地保护、恢复、可持续利用等应用技术研究;全面、深入、系统掌握我国湿地类型、特征、功能、价值、动态变化等,建立我国湿地理论体系,为湿地的保护和合理利用奠定科学基础。

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Less education, income linked to obesity in women, not men


Women who are better educated and live in households that are middle-income or above are less likely to be obese than women who are less educated and live in the lowest income households, new government research shows.
Among men, there is not a statistically significant (26) in obesity based on income and very (27) difference based on education, the data show.
(28) , about one in three U.S. adults-almost 73 million people-are obese, which is (29) 30 or more pounds over a (30) weight. Extra weight raises the (31) of diabetes, heart disease, some types of cancer and other (32) .
"There is a relationship between obesity and income, but it’s not a (33) story," says Cynthia Ogden, an epidemiologist with the National Center for Health Statistics, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
"When looking at these two (34) of socioeconomic status-income and education-their (35) is greater on women than men," she says.
Jennifer Lovejoy, president of the Obesity Society, says that (36) -income women may be more likely to become obese because of environmental (37) such as lack of access to safe places to do physical activity and easy access to fast food.
Among the findings:
·29% of women who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese in opposition (38) 42% of women who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four.
·23% of women with a college degree are obese, significantly less than the 42% of women with (39) than a high school education.
·33% of men who live in households with an annual income of $77,000 or more for a family of four are obese, (40) 29% of men who live in households with an annual income below $29,000 for a family of four are obese. This difference is not considered statistically (41) .
The analysis is based on (42) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which is considered the gold (43) for evaluating obesity because it is a(an) (44) survey of people whose weight and height are actually (45) rather than being self-reported.

A. coverage B. dependenceC. response D. impact