问题 问答题 简答题

亚慢性毒性试验的主要目的及观察指标?

答案

参考答案:

目的:

1、一步探索受试物的毒作用特点和靶器官;

2、解受试物有无蓄积作用,是否产生耐受性;

3、析受试物的剂量-效应关系;

4、步估计出不出现毒作用的最大耐受量(NOEL)和出现毒性的最小有作用剂量(MED);

5、慢性毒性试验的剂量设计和观察指标提供依据;

6、受试物的毒理机制研究提供基础资料。

观察指标:

1、般性指标:包括每日采食量、体重变化、外观体征、异常表现和中毒症状等。

2、理生化指标:包括血、尿常规和相关生化指标。

3、子生物学和免疫学指标。

4、析剂量-效应关系。

5、理解剖学和病理组织学检查。

6、肾检查。

7、他指标检查:包括血压、血流、动脉管壁弹性、血液电解质的变化、心电图、神经反射、记忆、氧化损伤等。

配伍题 A1型题
完形填空

阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Using All Your Strength

A young boy was walking with his father along a country road. When they came across a large tree branch   11  the pathway, the boy asked, “Do you think I could   12  it?”

His father answered, “If you use all your strength, I am sure you can.”

The boy tried   13  to lift, pull and push the branch, but it wouldn’t budge.  14 , he said, “Dad, you were wrong. I can’t do it alone.”

“Try again,” his dad said.

This time, as the boy struggled, his father   15    him. Together they pushed the   16  

aside.

“Son, the first time you didn’t use all your strength,” his father said. “You didn’t ask me to help.”

This is a valuable   17 . There are many things we can’t do alone, but that doesn’t mean we can’t get them done. We are   18      by resources that can be mobilized (调动) to help us

  19  our goals including family, friends and faith.

Sometimes we   20  to ask for help because of   21  or stubbornness. Sometimes we think it is a sign of   22  to admit we need a hand. Sometimes we don’t even   23      

asking for help. Whatever the reason is, it is a waste.

It’s   24  that we learn to use all our strength. This includes inner resources such as discipline, courage, and even love. It also includes   25  resources. Just as we should be willing to help others, we should be willing to ask others for help.

小题1:.

A.falling

B.stopping

C.blocking

D.cutting小题2:.

A.lift

B.move

C.carry

D.throw小题3:.

A.mightily

B.carefully

C.hardly

D.painfully小题4:.

A.Excited

B.Surprised

C.Discouraged

D.Unexpected小题5:.

A.taught

B.joined

C.pushed

D.praised小题6:.

A.stone

B.branch

C.road

D.tree小题7:.

A.job

B.way

C.lesson

D.resource小题8:.

A.hidden

B.cheated

C.covered

D.surrounded小题9:.

A.set

B.change

C.achieve

D.discover小题10:.

A.try

B.fail

C.manage

D.stop小题11:.

A.pride

B.mood

C.pity

D.strength小题12:.

A.politeness

B.slightness

C.kindness

D.weakness小题13:.

A.use up

B.refer to

C.think about

D.carry out小题14:.

A.important

B.likely

C.possible

D.acceptable小题15:.

A.another

B.outer

C.natural

D.further