问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,回答16—19题。

吃出来的血缘

中国人喜欢请客吃饭,似乎只有通过请客吃饭,才能建立起一种非同寻常的人际关系。

中国人很看重人际关系,而人与人的关系中,最可靠的,又是“血缘”。所以,中国人在处理人际关系时,总是要想方设法把非血缘关系转化为血缘关系,比如“父母官”“子弟兵”“兄弟单位”等等。

血缘关系中,最亲的是母子。母子关系,说得难听一点,就是吃与被吃的关系;而兄弟、乡亲,则是“同吃”的关系。“乡”这个字,繁体作“鄉”,甲骨文的字形是:当中一个饭桶(簋),一边一个跪坐的人。所以,乡,也就似乎“同吃一锅饭”的意思。实际上,只要是“同吃一锅饭”的人,比如部队里的战友,单位上的同事,也都多多少少有些兄弟般的情分。

吃同一食物的人可以被看作是有血缘关系的,因为食物是生命之源。吃了同一食物,就有了同一生命来源,岂能不是兄弟?所以,世界上不少民族都有这样的习俗:如果你能和他们一起共餐,哪怕是只吃一口食物或只喝一口牛奶,便不必害怕被视为敌人。

当然,进餐的方式,也决不能是西方那种“分餐制”。尽管不少现代中国人也承认,分餐制科学、卫生、不浪费,但同时也认为,那种进餐方式太冷漠,太没有人情味,简直就是怠慢客人,好像怀疑人家有传染病。所以,越是大家都懂科学卫生,反倒不好意思分餐。相反,为了表示大家是“铁哥儿们”,最好是连别人的病也一并传染过来。要知道,“食人之食”是要“死人之事”的,那么无妨先“病人之病”。作为主人,无妨看作酒菜之外的又一“投资”;作为客人,则无妨看作接受情谊的一种“表态”。总之,共餐的目的,是情感的交流,心灵的沟通,血缘的认同;共餐的目的,在于人情,在于血缘,而亲与疏、敌与友,竟在于“共食”与否。

甚至真正的兄弟,也不能长期不共食。所以,在中国,分出去的儿子,嫁出去的女儿,总要寻找机会回“娘家”,回到母亲的身边共食。至少,年三十的“年夜饭”,是不可不吃的。这一回的家宴之所以尤为重要,在于它有着承前启后的意义:对前一年已然存在的血缘关系,是肯定和确认;对后一年将要延续的血缘关系,则是预约与重申。不难想象,在那万家灯火的岁除之夜,一家人团团围坐,举筷共食,母亲重温自己“食物和生命的提供者”角色,兄弟姐妹重申自己是“吃同一奶水长大的人”,那可真是其情也切切,其乐也融融!

16.下列对文中“共食”的理解,正确的一项是(   )(3分)

A.共食是世界不少民族共同的习俗,因为吃同一种食物而具有了血缘关系。

B.共食是与冷漠而缺乏人情味的西方分餐制相对的中国人特有的进餐方式。

C.共食是主人酒菜之外的一种感情投资,是客人接受情谊的一种认同表态。

D.共食是为了肯定和确认现存的血缘关系,预约与重申将要延续的血缘关系。

17.下列对本文的理解和分析,正确的一项是(  )(3分)

A.中国人之所以喜欢请客吃饭,无非是想方设法把非血缘关系转化成为血缘关系。

B.卫生而节约的分餐制在中国实在难以推广,因为中国人只讲义气而不注重科学。

C.愿不愿意、能不能够在一起共餐,在中国常常可以用来判别亲与疏、区分敌和友。

D.作者以吃年夜饭为例,进一步证明:即使真正的兄弟,长期不共食则情谊不存。

18.“吃出来的血缘”在文中有哪些具体表现?(6分)

19.请结合文意,说说你对文中画线句子的理解。(6分)

答案

16.C

17.C

18.儿子吃母亲的奶水长大,兄弟姐妹吃同一奶水长大,乡亲、战友、同事同吃一锅饭而产生兄弟般的感情。(每点2分)

19.在中国的传统文化中,既然吃了别人的饭,理应对他以死报效,更何况一起共食只不过有可能传染上别人的病而已。(本题6分,意思对即可。)

16.A项错在“具有了”,原文为“吃同一食物的人可以被看作是有血缘关系的”;B项错在“中国人特有的”,原文无据;D项错在把“年夜饭”的目的误认为“共食”的目的。

17.据原文,“想方设法把非血缘关系转化成为血缘关系”是中国人处理人际关系的特点,非请客吃饭的目的,故A项错;中国人并非不懂科学卫生,故B项错;“即使真正的兄弟,长期不共食则情谊不存”,非作者原意,故D项错。

阅读理解

A nine-year-old kid was sitting at his desk when suddenly there was a puddle (/JC^C)between his feet and the front of his trousers was wet.He thought his heart was going to stop because he couldn't possibly imagine how this had happened.It had never happened before, and he knew that when the boys found out he would never hear the end of jt. When the girls found out, they would never speak to him again as long as he lived.

He prayed this prayer, "Dear God, I need help now! Five minutes from now I'm dead meat!" He looked up from his prayer and here came the teacher with a look in her eyes that said he had been discovered.As the teacher was walking toward him, a classmate named Susie was carrying a goldfish bowl full of water.Susie tripped (绊倒) in front of the teacher and dumped (倒) the bowl of water in the boy's lap.The boy pretended to be angry, but all the while was saying to himself, "Thank you.Lord!"

Now all of a sudden, instead of being the object of ridicule, the boy was the object of sympathy.The teacher rushed him downstairs and gave him gym shorts to put on while his trousers dried out.All the other children were on their hands and knees cleaning up around his desk.The sympathy was wonderful.But as life would have it, the ridicule that should have been his had been transferred (转移) to someone else—Susie.She tried to help, but they told her to get out.

When school was over, the boy walked over to Susie and whispered, "You did that on purpose, didn't you?" Susie whispered back, "I wet my trousers once, too!"

小题1:The underlined sentence in Paragraph 1 means ____        .

A.the boys would never play with him

B.the boys would treat him as usual

C.he would hardly hear any praise from the boys

D.he would be laughed at by the boys endlessly小题2:After Susie dumped water in his lap, the boy was in a state of ___     

A.excitement

B.relief

C.anxiety

D.anger小题3:What did the other kids do after the incident?

A.They offered him dry clothes.

B.They laughed at the boy rudely,

C.They helped the boy do the cleaning.

D.They urged the boy to get out angrily,小题4:Why did Susie dump water in the boy's lap?

A.The boy asked her to do so.

B.She just did it by accident.

C.The teacher tripped her on purpose.

D.She knew the boy's embarrassment.

单项选择题