问题 问答题 简答题

试述近水平、缓倾斜和中倾斜煤层煤层间跨落上行顺序采煤的条件?

答案

参考答案:

(1)可以采用上行式采煤的条件先决条件是:先采下部煤层不破坏上部煤层的完整性和连续性,且能够给矿井带来较大经济效益。

1)上部煤层为劣质煤或薄煤层或不稳定煤层,开采困难,下部煤层为厚煤层,上下煤层间距较大,开采设备利用率、经济效益和矿井达产期因开采顺序不同而差别很大。

2)上部煤层开拓困难,需要巨额投资,下部煤层开拓容易,且上下煤层间距较大。

3)下部煤层为国家急需的煤种。

(2)需要采用上行式采煤的条件1)上部煤层有冲击地压危险或有煤与瓦斯突出危险,下部煤层作为解放层开采。2)上部煤层含水丰富,先采下部煤层有利于疏水。

3)上部煤层的顶板为坚硬顶板,需要降低上部煤层顶板的周期来压强度。

4)采用条带采煤法开采有一定层间距的多层煤层,为使保留条带不受重复开采影响。

5)深矿井开采中,先采下煤层有利于实现矿井高产高效,有利于改善上煤层的巷道维护条件及经济技术指标。

6)复采采空区上部遗留的煤炭资源。

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E

Safety information for study abroad

Remember you are responsible for the choices you make regarding your safety! Be careful all the time. Not knowing about the culture, language, people and situations may put you at higher risk. Learn what women and men do in the culture to protect themselves.

☆ Avoid walking alone at night. Do not agree to meet a person whom you do not know in a lonely place. Be cautious when meeting new people. Don’t give out your address and phone number to strangers or let out too much personal information about yourself.

☆ Do not attract attention to yourself by speaking English loudly in public in America or wearing expensive jewelry. These manners will certainly attract thieves, or worse. Do not be afraid to be impolite when faced with unwanted situations. Do not let anyone push you into taking risks. If you feel unsafe, you probably are.

☆ Taxis are not safe everywhere, especially late at night. Men and women are often robbed by taxi drivers. In many cities, taxis have gotten so dangerous that people use Radio Taxis to get the names of good companies.

☆ When using public telephones, especially in a lonely place, stand facing out so you can see your surroundings. If someone stops you to ask for the time or to ask for directions, step away to a distance that is safer. Why would they consider asking an obviously foreign person for directions?

☆ Your life will always be more important than any of your possessions (财产). Let them go and run away if necessary.

57. For whom is the passage written?

A. Parents who worry about the safety of their children.

B. Foreign people who are traveling in the USA.

C. Those students who are studying abroad.   

D. People who are interested in foreign culture.

58. What does the underlined word “cautious” probably mean?

A. Friendly.     B. Careful.       C. Active.       D. Calm.

59. You are advised not to speak English loudly in public in America because _______.

A. others will laugh at your bad English  

B. it is bad manners to speak loudly in American culture

C. you will attract too much attention to yourself

D. other people will ask more information about yourself

60. What should you do to protect yourself while studying abroad?

A. Taking public transportation whenever you go out.

B. Not considering others’ feelings as long as you like.

C. Not offering help to anyone in the street. 

D. Having a high sense of safety at any time.