问题 问答题 论述题

试述辫状河的沉积特征、相模式和相层序?

答案

参考答案:

a、沉积特征

(1)辫状河有河床滞留沉积,出现在河床底部,以砂砾沉积为主。

(2)其上发育河道沙坝,河漫滩沉积不发育。

(3)河道沙坝沉积物一般较粗,成分复杂,成熟度较低,常为长石砂岩类或岩屑砂岩类

b、辫状河的垂向沉积序列:

(1)沉积层序的最底部为河床滞留沉积,以含泥砾的粗砂岩和砾质砂岩为主,与下伏层侵蚀冲刷接触(SS)。

(2)其上为不清晰的大型槽状交错层理含砾粗砂岩A.、具清楚槽状交错层理的粗砂岩B.及板状交错层理砂岩C.。

(3)再向上主要由小型板块状交错层理砂岩D.组成,偶见大型水道冲刷充填交错层理砂岩E.。

(4)顶部由垂向加积的波状交错层理粉砂岩和泥岩互层F.及一些具模糊不清的、角度平缓的交错层理的砂岩(G)组成。

C.与曲流河相比,辫状河在垂向层序上有以下特点:

1)河流二元结构的底层沉积发育良好,厚度较大,而顶层沉积不发育或厚度较小。

2)底层沉积的粒度粗,成分和结构成熟度低,砂砾岩发育。

3)由河道迁移形成的各种层理类别发育.如块状或不明显的水平层理、巨型槽状交错层理、单组大型板状交错层理等

4)发育大型槽状交错层理,不发育泛滥平原细粒沉积物。

判断题
单项选择题

For many people today, reading is no longer relaxation. To keep up their work they must read letters, reports, trade publications, interoffice communications, not to mention newspapers and magazines: a never ending flood of words. In (1) a job or advancing in one, the ability to read and comprehend (2) can mean the difference between success and failure. Yet the unfortunate fact is that most of us are (3) readers. Most of us develop poor reading (4) at an early age, and never get over them. The main deficiency (5) in the actual stuff of language itself—words. Taken individually, words have (6) meaning until they are strung together into phrases, sentences and paragraphs. (7) , however, the untrained reader does not read groups of words. He laboriously reads one word at a time, often regressing to (8) words or passages. Regression, the tendency to look back over (9) you have just read, is a common bad habit in reading. Another habit which (10) down the speed of reading is vocalization—sounding each word either orally or mentally as (11) reads.

To overcome these bad habits, some reading clinics use a device called an (12) , which moves a bar(or curtain) down the page at a predetermined speed. The bar is set at a slightly faster rate (13) the reader finds comfortable, in order to "stretch" him. The accelerator forces the reader to read fast, (14) word by word reading, regression and subvocalization practically impossible. At first (15) is sacrificed for speed. But when you learn to read ideas and concepts, you will not only read faster, (16) your comprehension will improve. Many people have found (17) reading skill drastically improved after some training. (18) Charlie Au, a business manager, for instance. His reading rate was a reasonably good 172words a minute (19) the training; now it is an excellent 1,378 words a minute. He is delighted that how he can (20) a lot more reading material in a short period of time.

第(20)空应选择()

A.master

B.go over

C.present

D.get through