The term "crowding out" implies that:（）

A. Fed purchases of securities cause inflation in the long run.

B. A budget surplus will be a highly effective weapon against inflation.

C. budget deficits will increase real interest rates and thereby retard business investment.

火焰加热矫正法是利用（）产生的（），使较长的金属在冷却后收缩，以达到矫正变形的目的。