问题 问答题 论述题

试述波痕的主要成因类型及其特征?

答案

参考答案:

波痕按成因可大致分为三种类型:浪成的、流水的和风成的.

l)浪成波痕

一般由产生波浪的动荡水流形成,常见于海湖浅水地带其特点是波峰尖锐,波谷圆滑形状对称.不对称指数近于l,波痕指数一般为4—13,多数为6—7。而拍岸浪的波痕指数可达20,并可呈不对称状,其陡坡朝向岸的一方。

2)流水波痕

由定向流动的水流形成,见于河流和存在有底流的海湖近岸地带。其特点是波峰、波谷均较圆滑,呈不对称状,不对称指数大于2(或2.5),波痕指数大于5,大都为8—15,对于波长大于60cm的的大型流水波浪一般大于15,陡坡倾向指示水流方向。在海、湖滨岸,波峰走向大致平行岸的延伸方向,陡坡朝向陆地。

3)风成波痕

由定向风形成,常见于沙漠及海、湖滨岸的沙丘沉积中。其特点呈极不对称状,不对称度比流水波浪更大,波痕指数也高,变化范围为10—70,一般在15—20以上,个别可达50,甚至更大。波峰、波谷都较圆滑、开阔,但常常谷宽峰窄,陡坡倾向与风向一致。应当指出的是,风成波浪成石化状态的极为罕见。

4)其他波痕

除简单的波痕形态外,还常见到两组或两组以上的复合形态。有的可见到两组波痕成一定角度相互交叉,呈蜂巢状或多角状;有的可在较大型波痕背景上叠覆有次级波痕;另外,可见波痕被切蚀使其波峰部分或全部受到破坏。所以这些干涉波痕、叠覆波痕和削顶波痕都取决于当时水位、浪基面、介质运动方向和强度的变化。

多项选择题
完形填空
完形填空。
     There was a man who had a little boy that he loved very much. Every day after work the man would
come home and   1   with the little boy.
     One night,   2   the man was at work, he realized that he had extra work to do for the   3   and that he
wouldn't be able to play with his little boy. But, he   4   to be able to give the boy   5   to keep him busy.
So, looking around his office, he saw a magazine with a large map of the   6   on the cover. He got an idea.
He   7   the map, and then patiently tore it into small pieces. Then he put all the   8   in his coat pocket.
     When he got home, the little boy came   9   to him and was ready to play. The man  10  that he had
extra work to do and couldn't play now, but he  11  the little boy into the dining room. Taking out all the
pieces of the map, he spread them on the  12 . He explained that it was a map of the world, and that by
the time he could put it back together, his extra work would be  13 , and they could both play. Surely this
would keep the child  14  for hours, he thought.
     About half an hour  15  the boy came to the man and said,"Okay, it's finished. Can we play now?" 
     The man was  16 , saying, "That's impossible. Let's go see." And  17  enough, there was the picture
of the world, all put together, every piece in its  18 
    The man said, "That's amazing!  19  did you do that?" The boy said, "It was simple. On the  20  of the
page was a picture of a man. When I put the man together the whole world fell into place."
( )1. A. work          
( )2. A. before        
( )3. A. day           
( )4. A. wanted        
( )5. A. anything      
( )6. A. country       
( )7. A. copied        
( )8. A. pieces        
( )9. A. shouting      
( )10. A. complained    
( )11. A. forced        
( )12. A. table         
( )13. A. stopped       
( )14. A. sleepy        
(    )15. A. ago           
(    )16. A. surprised     
( )17. A. strange       
( )18. A. corner        
( )19. A. When          
( )20. A. back          
B. play      
B. since     
B. morning   
B. agreed    
B. nothing   
B. world     
B. drew      
B. maps      
B. smiling   
B. explained       
B. drove     
B. ground    
B. changed   
B. busy      
B. before    
B. pleased   
B. good      
B. place     
B. Why       
B. side      
C. study        
C.  until         
C. evening         
C. refused         
C. everything      
C. city          
C. removed       
C. pictures        
C. crying         
C. thought        
C. led            
C. floor          
C. started         
C. tired           
C. later          
C. satisfied      
C. lucky           
C. space          
C. How             
C. front         
D. sleep       
D. while      
D. time        
D. pretended   
D. something   
D. village     
D. painted     
D. papers      
D. running     
D. introduced                 
D. pushed      
D. wall        
D. finished    
D. active      
D. after       
D. puzzled     
D. sure        
D. hole        
D. Where       
D. top