问题 问答题 简答题

回柱与放顶的作业方法和注意事项是什么?

答案

参考答案:

回柱与放顶是采煤工艺中两个重要的工序,它不仅关系倒完成生产任务的好坏,更重要的是关系倒人身安全。为此,在进行回柱与放顶的作业时,必须严格按《技术作业规程》和《操作规程》的规定进行。回柱有人工回柱与机械回柱两种方式。在顶板比较稳定,支柱承载不大而且回柱时顶板不会立即垮落,可以用人工回柱方式。而对顶板松软、或支柱插入底板、或被矸石压埋的条件下,应采用机械回柱。回柱与放顶的具体作业和注意事项是:

(1)回柱的吮吸是“由下向上”、“由里及外”的原则进行。回柱时必须有二任同时在场,一人操作,一人监视顶板情况,并注意清除退路的一切障碍物。

(2)在顶压很大的情况下,挥手金属支柱前先打木柱做为临时信号顶柱,把金属支柱全部回收后,再回收信号顶柱。如不能回收时注意将其砍断或打倒,不致影响放顶。

(3)回撤无伸缩量的死柱时,要先打临时支柱,然后刨底将其撤出,绝对不允许用炮崩。

(4)取柱时不应使用短柄工具,更不准直接进入采空区去取支柱。

(5)对回柱后不易垮落的顶板,要采取强制放顶等措施使其垮落。

填空题
阅读理解

     Christmas was just a week away and I had five people left to shop for but only three dollars.

     "Let's set a price limit on our gifts this year,"I suggested to my best friend Joanie.

     "That's a good idea," Joanie agreed. "How about something over five dollars?"

     "How about sixty cents?" I felt like the biggest cheapskate in the world.

     "I guess this is where I'm supposed to say it's not the gift but the thought that counts," Joanie smiled.

      It is almost impossible to buy anything under sixty cents, so it was really going to have to be very

small gifts with very big thoughts.

      Finally, Christmas Day arrived. I gave my mother a candle with a note that said, "You are the

brightest light in my life." She almost cried when she read the note.

      Igave my brother a wooden ruler. On the back of it I had painted, "No brother in the world could

measure up to you." He gave me a bag of sugar and wrote on it, "You're my sweet sister."

      For Joanie, I painted a pair of shoes with a note that said, "No one could ever fill your shoes. "She

thanked me and said I always tickled (使……高兴) her and made her laugh.

     To my other two friends, I gave Annie a paper fan and a note on it, "I'm your biggest fan." I gave

Helen a calculator that cost one dollar and I painted a message on the back, "You can always count

on me."

      My mother knows she is the most important person in my life. My brother thinks I'm sweet. Joanie

thinks I'm funny and make her laugh, which is important because her dad moved away last year and she

misses him and is sad sometimes...

1. When Christmas neared, the author worried that she________.

A. had few friends to give her gifts

B. had little money to buy gifts for others

C. didn't know what gifts her friends would like

D. didn't have enough time to go shopping

2. The underlined word "cheapskate" in Paragraph 4 probably    refers to a person who________.

A. is the poorest in the world

B. buys the cheapest skateboards

C. spends as little money as possible

D. buys the cheapest things in the world

3. The girl gave her mother a candle because it stands for________.

A.  the girl's own life

B. her mother's life

C. the girl's role in her mother's life

D.  the mother's role in the girl's life

4. What can we learn from the passage?

A. It is an art to choose gifts.

B. It is the thought not the gift that matters.

C. How to choose cheap gifts.

D. Giving gifts improves friendships.