问题 解答题
已知函数f(x)=lnx+
2a
x
,a∈R

(1)若a=1,求函数f(x)的极值;
(2)若函数f(x)在[2,+∞)上是增函数,求实数a的取值范围;
(3)若函数f(x)在[1,e]上的最小值为3,求实数a的值.
答案

(1)当a=1时,f(x)=lnx+

2
x
,定义域为(0,+∞),

f(x)=

1
x
-
2
x2
=
x-2
x2

所以,当x∈(0,2)时,f(x)<0,f(x)为减函数;

当x∈(2,+∞)时,f(x)>0,f(x)为增函数,

所以在(0,+∞)上f(x)有极小值,极小值为f(2)=1+ln2;

(2)由f(x)=lnx+

2a
x
,a∈R,所以f(x)=
1
x
-
2a
x2
=
x-2a
x2

若函数f(x)在[2,+∞)上是增函数,则f(x)=

x-2a
x2
≥0在[2,+∞)恒成立,

即x-2a≥0在[2,+∞)恒成立,也就是a≤

x
2
在[2,+∞)恒成立,

所以a≤1.

所以使函数f(x)在[2,+∞)上是增函数的实数a的取值范围是(-∞,1];

(3)由(2)知,以f(x)=

1
x
-
2a
x2
=
x-2a
x2

若a≤0,则f(x)>0,f(x)在(0,+∞)上为增函数,

f(x)在[1,e]上的最小值为f(1)=2a=3,a=

3
2
,不合题意;

若a>0,由f(x)=0,得x=2a.

当x∈(0,2a)时,f(x)<0,f(x)为减函数,

当x∈(2a,+∞)时,f(x)>0,f(x)为增函数,

所以当2a≤1,即a≤

1
2
时,f(x)在[1,e]上为增函数,

最小值为f(1)=2a=3,a=

3
2
,不合题意;

当2a≥e,即a≥

e
2
时,f(x)在[1,e]上为减函数,

最小值为f(e)=1+

2a
e
=3,a=e,符合题意;

当1<2a<e,即

1
2
<a<
e
2
时,f(x)在[1,e]上的最小值为f(2a)=ln2a+1=3,a=
e2
2
不合题意.

综上,使函数f(x)在[1,e]上的最小值为3的实数a的值为e.

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I was frightening on my first day of classes at an American university.It was my first time to sit with so many Americans in a classroom.Unlike many other classmate, I sat quietly by myself.My teacher spoke fast and I had a hard time understanding him.English, without a doubt, is the hardest thing I experienced so far.Though I'm a Chinese student, communicate fluently with Americans can be really difficultly.Therefore, I have to struggle to understand that is being said in class.Reading and writing is equally as important as listening and speaking.When my classes started to get busy, the readings got longer.The papers also got harder, and that's when real disaster struck.