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如何理解《雷雨》、《日出》、《原野》和《北京人》等曹禺话剧中的诗意特征?

答案

参考答案:

“诗意”现象,是文体风格问题,也是对曹禺剧作进行整体把握的关键之一。有人认为,从《雷雨》到《王昭君》,曹禺一直在追求“诗与戏剧”的融合,在追求戏剧的诗的境界。

《雷雨》等作品中的诗意特征,主要表现在以下几个方面:

第一,曹禺总是带着极其丰富的想象和理想的情绪去观察和描写生活。他不是先有主题,而是在朦胧的诗意般的感受和想象中,抓住最激动人心的创作冲动或灵感开始创作构思。他的创作类似于诗人写诗,是从体验、感受和印象出发,如创作《雷雨》是先有了“一两段情节,几个人物,一种复杂而又原始的情绪”,创作《日出》是先想到了几句诗:“太阳升起来了„„我们要睡了”。因此,具有浓郁的情感色彩和主观因素,表现出强烈的抒情特征。在《雷雨》和《原野》中都表现了一种“不是爱便是恨”的极端感情。即使是情感的激流转入地下的《北京人》和《家》,情感冲突仍然难以解脱,随时可以爆发。

第二,剧情与现实的联系并不紧密,生活表现的逻辑也不严密。我们在前面曾说到,曹禺熟悉生活,但不写身边琐事。他并不满足于仅仅按照生活的本来面目去进行描摹,而是基于自己对生活的深切体验去想象和表现他所熟悉的生活,虽然也反映出了生活的某些本质,但却常常造成作品主题的“多义性”。在《雷雨》、《日出》和《原野》中,都有一种让人不可解又惊畏的神秘力量,这些作品的主题思想也都是在经过研究者们研究之后才给予“追认”的。

第三,时空感不确定,常带有偶然性或传奇色彩。特别是《雷雨》和《原野》,故事发生的时间和地点虽然有一个大致的范围,但情节大起大落,人物性格激烈而极端,背景设计富于象征性,整体氛围的营造更近于诗意化。这与在曹禺戏剧中大量存在的象征性意象有直接的关系。在教材中,我们谈到,这种象征性意象主要是通过三种方式来呈现的:即,以场景道具的方式,以人物性格的方式,以作品命名的方式。

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One of the founding fathers of the internet has predicted the end of traditional television. Vint Serf, who helped to build the internet while working as a researcher in America, said that television was approaching its “iPod moment.”

In the same way that people now download their favorite music onto their iPods, he said that viewers would soon be downloading most of their favorite programmers onto their computers. “85 percent of all video we watch is pre-recorded, so you can set your system to download it at any time,”said Mr. Cerf, who is now the vice-president of Goggle.

“You’re still going to need live television for certain things--like news, sporting events and emergencies--but increasingly it will be almost like iPod, where you download content to look at later.”

Although television-on-demand has not yet become a main activity in the UK, the BBC, 1TV and Channel 4 have all invested a lot of money in technology which Mr. Cerf think will enable viewers to watch their favorite shows on their computers.

However, some critics(批评家)have warned that the Internet will collapse(崩溃)if millions of people try to download programmers at the same time.

Over the next four years, scientists think the number of videos watched over the Internet will double, with people moving from short chips to hour-long programmes.

Broadband companies claim that the service will cause“traffic jams”,which will cost millions of pounds to solve. Mr. Cerf dismissed these warnings, saying that critics had predicted 20 years ago that the net would collapse when people all around the world started to use it at the same time, “We’re far from exhausting (用尽)the capacity,” he said.“I want every one of the six billion people in the planet to be able to connect to the Internet.”

61.Vint Cerf is all the following EXCEPT that ___________.

A. a researcher in the United States

B. the vice-president of Goggle

C. one of the founders of the Internet

D. a manager of a broadband company

62. Which of the following is NOT something Vint Cerf has predicted?

A. Traditional television will soon have its iPod moment.

B. The number of videos watched over the Internet will double.

C. Viewers will be able to download TV programmers onto their iPods.

D. Viewers will be able to watch their favorite TV shows on the Internet.

63. According to the passage, people can always do all the following EXCEPT ____________.

A. watch short clips over the Internet

B. download live TV over the Internet

C. download per-recorded videos over the Internet

D. listen to their favorite music on their computers

64. Some critics are now predicting __________.

A. the Internet will collapse if millions of people use it at the same time

B. people all over the world will be able to connect to the Internet

C. the Internet will crash if  too many people download TV programmes at the same time

D. the videos people watch over the Internet

65. This passage mainly tells us __________.

A. a Goggle expert is predicting the end of traditional television

B. the Internet will never be used to download people's favourite shows

C. the Internet will become more popular

D. something about Vint Cerf