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怎样从《狂人日记》看鲁迅小说反封建的思想特色?

答案

参考答案:

鲁迅小说反封建思想的突出特色是:坚决、彻底、毫不妥协。这种思想特色在《狂人日记》里有着集中而鲜明的体现,这从三个方面可以看出:

第一,彻底地揭露封建制度和旧礼教的反动本质。鲁迅在《狂人日记》里通过狂人之口,鞭辟入里地指出,整个封建社会人与人之间的关系,根本不是什么“仁义道德”、互敬互爱关系,而是人吃人的关系;几千年的封建社会的历史,实际是一部人吃人的历史;封建的吃人者具有“狮子似的凶心,兔子的怯弱,狐狸的狡猾”的特点。鲁迅用“吃人”两个字,对封建制度和旧礼教的本质,作了高度形象的概括,标志着中国思想界对封建制度和旧礼教的认识已经上升到一个新的历史高度。

第二,无情地鞭挞封建统治阶级的反动性和虚伪性。鲁迅怀着强烈的仇恨和无比的轻蔑,狠狠地揭露了统治阶级政治上的反动性和道德上的虚伪性,把政治批判和道德批判紧密地结合起来。《狂人日记》中狂人的大哥是封建家族制度的代表,他是吃人礼教的宣扬者和执行者,平时他给别人讲“割股疗亲”之类吃人的“孝道”,目的是以封建礼教来“收拾幼者弱者”。鲁迅在小说中通过对“大哥”、“赵贵翁”等种种反面形象的塑造,体现了坚决、彻底、毫不妥协的反封建立场。

第三,充分地揭示封建传统思想观念的深广毒害。封建统治阶级的凶残和罪恶,不仅表现在对广大被压迫群众进行残酷的经济剥削和政治压迫,还表现在实行严酷的思想统治。封建统治阶级为了巩固其统治地位,极力推行愚民政策,用封建迷信、封建道德观念来毒害广大人民群众,让被统治者把封建的道德规范作为行动的准则。在《狂人日记》中鲁迅指出,在吃人者的行列里,“也有给知县打枷过的,也有给绅士掌过嘴的,也有衙役占了他妻子的,也有老子娘被债主逼死的”;二十几岁的年轻人也笃信“从来如此”的旧观念;“吃人”的传统观念还毒害了孩子——这是为狂人、也是最为鲁迅所忧愤的。因此,要推翻封建专制制度,必须从思想上消除封建传统观念对群众的毒害。鲁迅小说尖锐地描写封建思想对广大群众毒害的深重,正是为了强调反封建斗争的艰巨性和重要性以及进行思想革命的紧迫性。

阅读理解

Mother Teresa was born in Yugoslavia((南斯拉夫),on August 27,1910.She attended the government school near her home until she was eighteen. At that time, some doctors and nurses from Yugoslavia were working in India, and they often wrote to the school about their work. She decided to join them one day.

When she left school, she went first to Britain. Then a year later she went to India, where she began to train to be a teacher. After training, she was sent to Calcutta((加尔格答),where she taught geography at a school and soon after became headmistress(校长).

However, although she loved teaching, in 1946 Mother Teresa left the school and went to work in the poor parts of Calcutta. Later she trained to become a nurse in Patna, and then began her work helping the poor and comforting the dying in the streets of the city. Slowly, others came to help her, and her work spread to other parts of India.

Mother Teresa is now a well-known person. many photos have been taken of her, as she travels the world to open new schools and hospitals in poor countries. In 1979,she was given the Nobel Peace Prize for the lifetime of love and service she has given to the poor.

(   )69. Where did Mother Teresa receive her education?

A. In Yugoslavia and India.    B. In Yugoslavia and Britain.

C. In Britain and India.       D. In Yugoslavia, Britain and India.

(   )70. What first made Mother Teresa work in India?

A. Her visit to the poor parts of Calcutta.

B. Her visit to Britain after she finished school.

C. The medical workers' letters to her school.

D. The work of the nurse in the city of Patna.

(   )71. In which order did Mother Teresa do the following things?

a. Trained to be a nurse      b. Went to India

c. Helped the dying         d. Studied to be a teacher

e. Went to Britain           f. Worked as a headmistress

A. b,a,c,e,d,f      B. b,f,a,d,e,c     C. e,b,d,f,a,c      D. e,a,b,c,d,f

(   )72. Mother Teresa gave up teaching because she wanted __________.

A. to look after the poor             B. to travel to poor countries

C. to build hospitals for the poor      D. to train nurses to care for the poor

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