问题 问答题 简答题

径向泵出口油压波动的原因及消除措施有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

有下列原因及消除措施:

⑴由于油中含有空气而造成油压波动。为了防止空气进入油泵,一方面要保持油泵入口管道严密,并采用注油器向油泵进口正压供油。另一方面,注油器的吸油口应远离回油管,在回油口与吸油管之间设挡板。

⑵由于油流不稳定产生涡流而造成油压波动。为了防止产生涡流,应设计合理的流道,同时提升泵轮,管道及有关部件的表面的光洁度,采用合理的密封环可减少油压波动

⑶由于径向泵出口油流不连贯而造成油压波动。为了减少波动幅度,在泵的出口装有稳流网。

⑷由于油泵入口油压波动,引起出口油压波动,消除这种波动的措施之一,除了采用注油器供入口油外,另一措施是将径向泵出口油压接至压力变换器活塞下部的同时,将泵的入口油通至压力变换器上部,使油压波动相互抵消,不会引起压力变换器活塞波动。

⑸适当加大错油门活塞的过封度,防止油压波动引起油动机的振动。

双选题
阅读理解

Coffee has a history dating back to at least the 9th century and has been a catalyst for social interaction across cultures and eras. Originally discovered in Ethiopia, coffee beans were brought into the Middle East by Arab traders, spreading to Egypt, Yemen, Persia, Turkey, and North Africa by the 15th century. Muslim merchants eventually brought the beans to the thriving port city of Venice, where they sold them to wealthy Italian buyers. Soon, the Dutch began importing and growing coffee in places like Java and Ceylon (largely through slave labor), and the British East India Trading Company was popularizing the beverage in England. Coffee spread across Europe and even reached America.

Where there has been coffee, there has been the coffeehouse. From the 15th century Middle Eastern establishments where men gathered to listen to music, play chess, and hear recitations from works of literature, to Paris' Cafe le Procope where luminaries of the French Enlightenment such as Voltaire, Rousseau, and Diderot came to enjoy a hot cup of joe, coffeehouses have traditionally served as centers of social interaction, places where people can come to relax, chat, and exchange ideas.

The modern coffee shop is modeled on the espresso and pastry-centered Italian coffeehouses that arose with the establishment of Italian-American immigrant communities in major US cities such as New York City's Little Italy and Greenwich Village, Boston's North End, and San Francisco's North Beach. New York coffee shops were often frequented by the Beats in the 1950's. It wasn't long before Seattle and other parts of the Pacific Northwest were developing coffee shops as part of a thriving counterculture scene. The Seattle-based Starbucks took this model and brought it into mainstream culture.

Although coffeehouses today continue to serve their traditional purpose as lively social hubs in many communities, they have noticeably adapted to the times. Rediscovering their purpose as centers of information exchange and communication, many coffee shops now provide their customers with internet access and newspapers. It has become extremely common to see someone sitting at a Starbucks listening to music or surfing the web on his or her laptop. Coffee stores today also maintain a fairly identifiable, yet unique aesthetic: wooden furniture and plush couches, paintings and murals drawn on walls, and soft-lighting combine to give coffee shops the cozy feeling of a home away from home.

Today, big business retail coffee shops are expanding quickly all over the world. Starbucks alone has stores in over 40 countries and plans to add more. Despite its popularity, Starbucks has been criticized and labeled by many as a blood-sucking corporate machine, driving smaller coffee shops out of business through unfair practices. This has even spawned an anti-corporate coffee counterculture, with those subscribing to this culture boycotting big business coffee chains. Increasingly popular coffee stores such as The Coffee Bean and Tea Leaf are also giving Starbucks some stiff competition. In any case, it seems pretty clear that coffee has weaved itself into the fabric of our consumer-oriented culture.

小题1: Which of the following is the correct order of coffee spreading in history?

①Egypt         ②America   ③the Middle East   ④Netherlands   ⑤Venice

A.①③④②⑤

B.③①⑤④②

C.①⑤④③②

D.③②⑤④①小题2:We can infer from the passage ________.

A.Starbucks has beaten all the competitors

B.there are no changes in the development of coffee culture

C.the taste of coffee has changed a lot

D.Starbucks has some effect on the development of coffee culture小题3:The famous coffeehouse “Starbucks” originally come from _______.

A.Seattle

B.Ethiopia

C.Java

D.France小题4: Nowadays, if you come to a coffeehouse, you can _______.

A.play chess with other customers

B.enjoy delicious dishes from South America

C.surf the internet

D.watch a TV play