问题 问答题 简答题

大型机组汽抽夹层冷却(或加热)装置有何作用?并叙述其工作原理?

答案

参考答案:

汽轮机在带到一定负荷时,内缸的温度较高,为了不使内缸的热量辐射到外缸造成外缸超温,在夹层中需要通以冷却气流,另外在启动时,因为转子重量比汽缸轻,而且接触蒸汽表面积也较大,所以,转子比汽缸容易膨胀(沿轴向伸长),而汽缸则跟不上转子的膨胀,于是造成胀差,在夹层中若能通以加热蒸汽,这是对汽缸加热的很好措施。这种加热装置在高、中压缸中各有一套。

高压缸的夹层冷却(或加热)过程;

在正常运行时,30千瓦机组高压缸的夹层冷却(或加热)的低温蒸汽从第六压力级出来(20万千瓦机组是利用一级抽气来供汽),流经夹层,再经过四根进汽联管四周的螺旋圈,然后由每根连接管上的两根小管子将这股汽流通过两只调节门送入高压缸排汽管。

在启动时,由专门设置的高压加热联箱送来蒸汽,流入螺旋圈及夹层进行加热,最后流入级内。

中压缸夹层冷却(加热)方式与高压缸夹层相同。只不过是利用第三级抽汽的蒸汽来冷却,然后由八根小管子经过调节门将蒸汽引向除氧器。

高、中压缸夹层冷却气流始终流动不息。

阅读理解
任务型阅读。
     Have you ever met anyone of your age from America? Do you think you would have a lot in common
  with middle school students there?
      With only one look, you can see lots of differences. For example, classes in American schools are
  smaller than yours. Most classes have no more than 30 students. Most students in the US don't wear
 school uniforms. And they don't have group exercises each day as the way you do. If they see your
 exercises, they will think you are very strange!
      In fact, Chinese students and American students have very different lives.
      What's the first thing you think about when you wake up in the morning? It's probably your lessons at
 school. Chinese students are very hard-working, always under lots of pressure (压力) from their parents
 and teachers.
      Chinese students study hard at night, and sometimes even on the weekend because their exams are
  very important.
      For Chinese students, school is life, but not for American students. They don't have to worry about
 passing exams all the time, so they can spend time in and out of school doing things they enjoy. Kids do
  different things for fun.
      Many American teachers think that just studying hard isn't enough to make a good student. They
 encourage (鼓励) students to try lots of different things.
DifferencesUSChina
classes smaller, less than __1__bigger
 uniforms __2__wear school uniforms 
__3__ not the only important thingvery important 
pressure  not much __4__
 free time__5__study hard

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