问题 问答题 论述题

试评述美国20世纪80年代的中小学教育改革。

答案

参考答案:

(1)20世纪80年代中小学教育改革的主要原因:

①新技术革命的挑战;

②国际竞争的挑战;

③美国教育被越来越严重的成绩平庸所困扰。

(2)20世纪80年代中小学教育改革的主要措施:

①调整课程结构,提高毕业标准。

②增加学习日,延长学习时间;

③加强道德教育,整顿校纪校风。

④重视创造力的培养。

(3)20世纪80年代美国教育改革的效果。自1983年《国家处于危机之中:教育改革势在必行》发展以来,美国教育取得了进步,在遏止了过去十多年的严重滑坡之后,开始恢复到合理的水平,学生们学习了更多的基础课。但是,美国的教育仍处于危险之中,各个层次的改革进展都相当缓慢,许多学生没有从中学毕业,而许多毕业了的学生却没有受到很好的教育,学校仍然在教授远离目标的“自助餐式”的课程。

问答题
单项选择题

Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America’’s first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs. Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley’’s twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis’’s education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually, Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have "Mrs. Wheatley’’s Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer’’s three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis’’s poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren’’t interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now a businessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.

Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s

A.She wrote her first poem when in her teens.

B.She married in 1771.

C.She became a teacher.

D.She was able to get her poems published.