构成物质的微粒有______．例如：石墨是由______构成的；氯化氢是由______构成的．

Part 1

• a. (1)
  " I hated all the meetings," says a 10-year award-winning manager, "and I found the more you did for people who worked for you, the more they expected." (2)
  With technology changing in a wink, you can never slack off these days if you’re on the technical side. (3)
  In addition, the Dilbert factor is at work. With Scott Adams’s popular cartoon character— as well as many television sitcoms — routinely portraying managers as morons or enemies, they just don’t get much respect anymore.
  Supervising others was always a tough task, but in the past that stress was offset by hopes for career mobility and financial rewards. (4)
  But in today’s global, more competitive arena, a manager sits on an insecure perch. (5) There are far fewer rungs on the corporate ladder for managers to clim
• b. In addition, managerial jobs demand more hours and headaches than ever before but offer slim, if any, financial paybacks and perks.
  Furthermore, managers now must supervise many people who are spread over different locations, even over different continents. (6)
  In an age of entrepreneurship, when the most praised people in business are those launching something new, management seems like an invisible, thankless role. (7)
  Management layoffs have done much to erode interest in managerial jobs, of course. (8) A. Many people don’t want to be a manager — and many people who are managers are, frankly, itching to jump off the management track — or have already.B. It’s a rare person who can manage to keep up on the technical side and handle a management job, too.C. Restructuring have eliminated layer after layer of management as companies came to view their organizations as collections of competencies rather than hierarchies.D. They must manage across functions with, say, design, finance, marketing and technical people reporting to them.E. I was a counselor, motivator, financial adviser and psychologist.F. Employers are looking for people who can do things, not for people who make other people do things.G. American Management Association surveys say three middle managers are laid off for every one being hired.H. Along with a sizable pay raise, people chosen as managers would begin a nearly automatic climb up the career ladder to lucrative executive perks: stock options, company cars, club memberships, plus the key to the executive washroom.