问题 计算题

(6分) 在做电解水实验时,常在水中加入氢氧化钠来增强溶液的导电性,但氢氧化钠本身不会发生化学反应,质量也不会发生改变。现将含有8g氢氧化钠的水溶液109g通电一段时间后,生成1g氢气,请你计算(要有计算过程):

(1)电解所消耗的水的质量;

(2)电解水后的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数。

答案

(6分) (1)解:设电解所消耗的水的质量为x         

2H2O 2 H2 + O2  ……(1分)     

36         4

x          1g          ……(1分)                 

36﹕x=4﹕1g            ……(1分)       

x=9g          ……(1分)           

(2)电解水后的氢氧化钠溶液的溶质的质量分数为:×100%=8%……(2分)

答:略。

分析:(1)根据反应的化学方程式,由产生氢气的质量可计算消耗水的质量;

(2)由于反应前后氢氧化钠质量不变,改变的只是溶液中水的质量,由氢氧化钠质量与所剩余溶液的质量比,可计算电解水后的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数.

解答:解:(1)设电解所消耗的水的质量为x

2H2O 2 H2 + O2

36              4

x               1g

=

x=9g

(2)电解水后的氢氧化钠溶液的溶质的质量分数为:

×100%=8%

答:(1)电解所消耗的水的质量9g;

(2)电解水后的氢氧化钠溶液的质量分数8%.

点评:根据反应的化学方程式可以表示反应中各物质的质量比,由反应中某物质的质量可计算反应中其它物质的质量.

完形填空

根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

People know the dangers of fires. It's good for a family to learn how to prepare for a fire. Here are some suggestions:

Put a smoke alarm in the house. Smoke from a fire causes the alarm to go off. 小题1:         

The sound tells everyone to leave the house at once.

Make escape plans. You should know all the ways out of the house. If there is fire, everyone follows the plan to get out. Part of the plan is to check all the windows to make sure they can be opened easily.

Buy fire extinguishers (灭火器) in the house. 小题2:          

Practise for a fire at home now and then because it can teach children about fire safety. Everyone in the family should know the following fire rules:

★小题3:       The fire can grow more quickly if you open the door.

★Stay close to the floor! 小题4:        The best air is near the floor because smoke rises.

★What will you do if your hair or clothes start to burn? First, stop! 小题5:        The fire burns faster because of more air. Drop! Fall to the floor. Then roll! Turning over and over will make the fire go out. Put a blanket around you to keep air away from the fire that may still be on you.

There are many possible causes for fires. A wise family is ready all the time. If there is a fire, don’t forget to call 119 for help.

A.Don't run!

B.Everyone in the family should know how to use them.

C.Everyone should follow your plan.

D.Smoke can be more dangerous than fire.E.The alarm makes a loud sound.

F.Open the windows!

G.Don't open a hot door!

单项选择题 B1型题