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换热管应如何维修?

答案

参考答案:

换热管的泄漏一般有两个地方,一是管子的连接处,二是管子本身泄漏。

(l)管子连接处泄漏的处理

管子与管板的连接方法主要有三种:胀接、焊接、焊接及胀接。胀接管由于温度、压力的波动及温差变形的不均匀,造成管子从管板中拉脱、松动而泄漏,可采取补胀消除泄漏,如无效,可再次进行,补胀不能多于三次,否则将会使管板孔处材料冷作硬化而胀不紧。对补胀无效的需要更换管子或采取焊接的方法。应注意的是在焊接后,需将周围的列管再胀一次,因为焊后由于管板的热胀冷缩会引起四周其他管子胀接缝的泄漏。如果是管子与管板的焊缝漏,可打磨补焊处理。

(2)管子本身泄漏的处理

换热管由于腐蚀、磨蚀、冲蚀、沉积腐蚀等原因,常使管子产生裂纹、穿孔而泄漏。管子本身的泄漏一般情况下是无法修复的,假若泄漏的管子数量不多时,则可以用圆锥形的金属堵头将管口两端堵塞,如管程压力较高,堵紧后再焊住更为可靠。金属堵头的长度一般为管内径的两倍,小端直径应等于内径的85肠,锥度为1,10。

堵头材料的硬度应低于或等于管子的硬度。用堵管来消除泄漏时,堵管数不得超过10%。当不锈钢换热管的一端损坏时,也可以采用拉管修复法,这是因为不锈钢管的延伸率为40写~45写,当拉管总伸长不超过12%时,可以拉管多次。

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We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waster every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you to live a green life.
Remember these three words; reduce, reuse and recycle(减量、再使用和再循环).
Reduce means “use less”. Don’t waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think if it is really necessary or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local products if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad.
Reuse means “use again”. Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should take care of them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Don’t use a paper cup or a paper bag. It’s better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.
Recycle means “change things into something else”. Although it takes energy to change something into something else, it’s better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.
Title:   小题1:   to Live a Green Life
We produce waste every day and it is  小题2:    to us. We can do something to help.
Ideas
Does
Don’ts
To  小题3:    
Use less
* Try to save something
* Don’t buy too many things from foreign   小题4:  .
To reuse
Use   小题5:    
* Use things for us long as possible.
* Buy things that last long.
* Take care of things or  小题6:   the old things.
* Don’t use  小题7:   cups or bags.
To recycle
Change things into something    小题8:  
* Join in recycling programmes.
* Buy 小题9:    made from recycled materials.
Don’t   小题10:   things away or burn them.
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