问题 阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文字,完成下面各题。

有一些夜晚仅仅属于自己 曾文广

诗人纪伯伦曾借先知之口说:“你的朋友是你的有回应的需求。他是你用爱播种,用感谢收获的土地。他是你的饮食,也是你的火炉。你饥渴时来到他身边,向他寻求平安。”这话的意思说得很明白,朋友是一种“有回应的需求”,包括物质上的和心灵上的。但如若仅仅如此,这种只索不予的友谊注定是残缺不全与极其自私的,不能算作真正的友谊。因而他又假先知之口告诫世人:“奉献你最好的,给你的朋友。”奉献在这里也许理解为分享比较合适——能够与朋友分享自己所拥有的,部分或者全部,无论是否是“最好的”,都是人生一大快事,因为“分享”的本身就是一种足以令双方身心俱悦的事。

思想家弗兰西斯·培根更是把这种“分享”的作用神奇化了。他认为“如果你把快乐告诉一个朋友,你将得到两个快乐;而如果你把忧愁向一个朋友倾吐,你将被分掉一半忧愁”。友谊原来有如此奇特的作用,也就不难理解他为何对“乐于孤独的人”和“没有朋友的人”缺少好感了。他认为前者“其性格不是属于人而是属于兽的”,后者干脆就是“啃啮自己心灵的人”。

实际情况却是——包括弗兰西斯·培根在内,在我们的人生旅途中.不是所有的东西都可以拿出来与朋友们分享,有一些东西,它们仅仅属于每个人自己。这些东西既不能索取也不能给予,无论你和你的朋友在彼此心头是多么重要,双方又是如何慷慨。巴尔扎克在对“友谊”二字的诠释中就很明白地提到了这一点:“友谊是联结两颗同类心灵的纽带,它们既被双方的力量联结在一起,又是独立的。”唯其如此,我们就不应像培根那样简单地认为“朋友是另外一个自己”,毕竟在客观上“两颗同类心灵”各自是“独立的”,两颗心灵是两个不同的享有完全主权的王国。两个人之间存在着一定的差异和距离。这也就注定了有一些东西仅仅属于自己。

朋友一千个还太少,敌人一个也嫌多。在今天,承认自己是个“乐于孤独”和“没有朋友”的人恐怕不多。但是,不管你是“相识满天下”交游甚广之辈,抑或信奉“人生得一知己足矣”的人,你是否曾经在某个夜晚想找人倾诉却发现无人可找,而几个堪称知己的电话号码就烂熟在心里?你们交往多年,经常保持着联系,在一起时无话不谈,你们都相信你们的友谊永远不会生分到必须匆匆忙忙去整补的那一天。然而就在那样一个晚上,你最终没有拨通他们中任何一个人的电话,而是甘愿独自一人面对着洁白的墙壁,把楼下的喧嚣声戛然关在门外,像那些“乐于孤独”和“没有朋友”的人一样,陷入无边孤寂的沉思中“啃啮”着自己的心灵。

这样的夜晚,灵魂在独自行走;这样的夜晚,惟你一人独享。无论贫穷还是富有,无论从事何种职业,在你的一生中,必须不间断地拥有这样的夜晚、这样的时刻——深入内心,释放自我,让灵魂得以保持属于它的纯净。这样的夜晚,朋友不能分享,也无从去分享,即使他恰好就在家里做客,正睡在隔壁的房间里。他毋须分享,他也拥有属于他的这样的夜晚。

毫无疑问,每个人都有一些东西不能与朋友甚至亲人分享,譬如你想一个人呆着的某些夜晚,譬如你必须独自面对的人生的风风雨雨,也譬如今夜——2003年11月9日凌晨2点52分,我在写下这些文字的时候,我在独自啃啮自己心灵的时候,这个夜晚仅仅属于我!

(选自《散文》2004年第3期)

16.小题1:本文先写什么后写什么,思路非常清晰。请用简要的语言叙述全文的主要思路。(4分)

答:本文先写                ;后写             

17.小题2:这篇文章的题目可不可以改成“有一些白天仅仅属于自己”?为什么?(4分)

答:               

18.小题3:全文多次出现“啃啮自己心灵”,简要谈谈你对这句话的理解。(4分)

答:               

19.小题4:本文作者的观点和纪伯伦、培根的观点是矛盾的吗?试简要分析。(6分)

答:                     

答案

小题1:本文先写人生需要分享(1-2段)(2分),后写人生还需要独享(3-6段)(2分)。(意

小题2:不可以。相对于白天而言,“夜晚”象征一种独立的精神生活时空(这里的“夜晚”实际上也包括具有独立精神生活的白天),或良心的自我对话、或独立思考、或张扬个性的时空。(意思接近即可)(答“不可以”得1分,答对基本意思给3分,语言表述1分;如回答可以改的,不得分)

小题3: 这句话指灵魂的自我拷问,或反省自己,剖析自己,修炼自己。也可以联系原文“深入内心,释放自我,让灵魂得以保持属于它的纯净”一句来回答。(意思接近即可)(答对基本意思,语言表述恰当得4分;答对基本意思,语言表述一般得3分;理解、表述一般得2分;答错得0分)

小题4:不矛盾。(2分)“与朋友共(分)享”和“个人独享(独立思考)”是人生的两种状态。这两种状态在人生的过程中互相渗透,互相补充。(意思接近即可;也可参照原文回答)(4分。内容理解3分,语言表达1分)

小题1:无

小题2:无

小题3:无

小题4:无

单项选择题

Going Her Own Way

When she was twelve, Maria made her first important decision about the course of her life. She decided that she wanted to continue her education, Most girls from middle-class families chose to stay home after primary school,though some attended private Catholic "finishing" schools. There they learned a little about music,art,needlework,and how to make polite conversation. This was not the sort of education that interested Maria—or her mother. By this time,she had begun to take her studies more seriously. She read constantly and brought her books everywhere. One time she even brought her math book to the theater and tried to study in the dark.

Maria knew that she wanted to go on learning in a serious way. That meant attending the public high school,something that very few girls did. In Italy at the time,there were two types of high schools: the "classical" schools and the "technical" schools. In the classical schools,the students followed a very traditional program of studies,with courses in Latin and Greek language and literature,and Italian literature and history1. The few girls who continued studying after primary school usually chose these schools.

Maria,however,wanted to attend a technical school. The technical schools were more modem than the classical schools and they offered courses in modern languages,mathematics,science,and accounting2.Most people—including Maria’s father—believed that girls would never be able to understand these subjects. Furthermore,they did not think it was proper for girls to study them.

Maria did not care if it was proper or not. Math and science were the subjects that interested her most. But before she could sign up for the technical school,she had to win her father’ sapproval. She finally did,with her mother’s help,though for many years after,there was tension in the family. Maria’s father continued to oppose her plans,while her mother helped her.

In 1883,at age thirteen,Maria entered the "Regia Scuola Tecnica Michelangelo Buonarroti" in Rome. Her experience at this school is difficult for us to imagine. Though the courses included modern subjects,the teaching methods were very traditional. Learning consisted of memorizing long lists of facts and repeating them back to the teacher. Students were not supposed to ask questions or think for themselves in any way. Teachers were very demanding,discipline in the classroom was strict,and punishment was severe for those who failed to achieve or were disobedient.

Maria wanted to attend ()。

A. private “finishing” school

B. school with Latin and Greek

C. technical high school

D. school for art and music

判断题