问题 解答题
已知函数f(x)=
αx
1+xα
(x>0,α
为常数),数列{an}满足:a1=
1
2
,an+1=f(an),n∈N*.
(1)当α=1时,求数列{an}的通项公式;
(2)在(1)的条件下,证明对∀n∈N*有:a1a2a3+a2a3a4+…+anan+1an+2=
n(n+5)
12(n+2)(n+3)

(3)若α=2,且对∀n∈N*,有0<an<1,证明:an+1-an
2
+1
8
答案

(1)当α=1时,an+1=f(an)=

an
1+an
,两边取倒数,得
1
an+1
-
1
an
=1
,----(2分)

故数列{

1
an
}是以
1
a1
=2
为首项,1为公差的等差数列,
1
an
=n+1
an=
1
n+1
,n∈N*.--------------(4分)

(2)证法1:由(1)知an=

1
n+1
,故对k=1,2,3…akak+1ak+2=
1
(k+1)(k+2)(k+3)
=
1
2
[
1
(k+1)(k+2)
-
1
(k+2)(k+3)
]
-------------(6分)

∴a1a2a3+a2a3a4+…+anan+1an+2

=

1
2
[(
1
2×3
-
1
3×4
)+(
1
3×4
-
1
4×5
)+…+
1
(n+1)×(n+2)
-
1
(n+2)(n+3)
]

=

1
2
[
1
2×3
-
1
(n+2)(n+3)
]=
n(n+5)
12(n+2)(n+3)
.------------------------------(9分).

[证法2:①当n=1时,等式左边=

1
2×3×4
=
1
24

等式右边=

1×(1+5)
12×(1+2)×(1+3)
=
1
24
,左边=右边,等式成立;-------------------------(5分)

②假设当n=k(k≥1)时等式成立,

a1a2a3+a2a3a4+…+akak+1ak+2=

k(k+5)
12(k+2)(k+3)

则当n=k+1时a1a2a3+a2a3a4+…+akak+1ak+2+ak+1ak+2ak+3=

k(k+5)
12(k+2)(k+3)
+
1
(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)

=

k(k+5)(k+4)+12
12(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)
=
k3+9k2+20k+12
12(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)

=

k2(k+1)+4(k+1)(2k+3)
12(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)
=
(k+1)(k+2)(k+6)
12(k+2)(k+3)(k+4)
=
(k+1)[(k+1)+5]
12[(k+1)+2][(k+1)+3]

这就是说当n=k+1时,等式成立,----------------------------------------(8分)

综①②知对于∀n∈N*有:a1a2a3+a2a3a4+…+anan+1an+2=

n(n+5)
12(n+2)(n+3)
.----(9分)]

(3)当α=2时,an+1=f(an)=

2an
1+
a2n
an+1-an=
2an
1+
a2n
-an=an(1-an)
1+an
1+
a2n
,-------------------(10分)

∵0<an<1,

an+1-an=an(1-an)

1+an
1+
a2n
≤(
an+1-an
2
)2
1+an
1+
a2n
--------------------------------(11分)=
1
4
1+an
(1+an)2-2(an+1)+2
=
1
4
1
an+1+
2
an+1
-2
1
4
1
2
2
-2
=
2
+1
8
.--------------------(13分)

∵an=1-anan+1=

2
an+1
不能同时成立,∴上式“=”不成立,

即对∀n∈N*an+1-an

2
+1
8
.-----------------------------------------------------------(14分)

证法二:当α=2时,an+1=f(an)=

2an
1+
a2n

an+1-an=

2an
1+
a2n
-an=
an-
a3n
1+
a2n
----------------------------------------------------(10分)

又0<an<1,∴

an+1
an
=
2
1+
a2n
>1,

∴an+1>an,∴an∈[

1
2
,1),n∈N*------------------------------------------------(11分)

g(x)=

x-x3
1+x2
,x∈[
1
2
,1),则g′(x)=
-x4-4x2+1
(1+x2)2
,--------------------------(12分)

x∈[

1
2
,1),g′(x)<0,所以函数g(x)在[
1
2
,1)
单调递减,故当x∈[
1
2
,1),g(x)≤
1
2
-(
1
2
)
3
1+(
1
2
)
2
=
3
10
2
+1
8
,所以命题得证------------------(14分)

所以命题得证-----------------------------------------(14分)

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