问题 问答题 简答题

什么是宪政体制?

答案

参考答案:

宪政体制是西方政治思想史上一种主张以宪法体系约束国家权力、规定公民权利的体制。这种体制要求政府所有权力的行使都纳入宪法的轨道,并受宪法的制约,使政治运作进入法律化理想状态。在宪政国家,政府和公民的行为都是有边界的,不能互相僭越。宪政是民主制度的基础和保障,同时也是对民主政治的制衡。宪政的根本作用在于防止政府(包括民主政府)权力的滥用(即有限政府),维护公民普遍的自由和权利;传统上,宪政本身并不直接涉及到政府是否通过民主选举产生,但现代宪政理论往往与民主的概念密不可分。

阅读理解

President Barack Obama set out his plans for the nation on January 27. At the top of his to-do list: his jobs for Americans, health care and education.

“Although we have our difficulties, our union is strong. We do not give up. We do not stop,” President Barack Obama told American in his State of the Union speech on January 27. Guests and government officials filled the hall of the House of Representatives (众议院).

Obama looked back on his first year in office and explained his plan for the future. He dealt with important matters, including health care, the nation’ s high unemployment, national security (安全) and education. Many times during the 70-minute speech, people in the hall clapped (拍手) their hands happily.

The U.S. law system requires the President to report regularly to government officials. Presidents see the speech as an opportunity to set their goals and encourage the nation.

The President devoted much of his speech to the plight of unemployed (失业的) Americans. “Jobs must be our Number 1 focus (焦点) in 2010,” he said. “People are out of work. They are hurting.” Obama also stressed the value of education. “The best way for people to lead a better life is a first-class education.” he told the nation.

Following the President’s speech, the other party always gets the chance to speak. Bob McDonnell, the new governor of Virginia, spoke for Republicans (共和党人). He agreed with many of Obama’s goals, but pointed out policy difference. He tried to persuade both parties to work together. The President had made the same point earlier in the evening. He promised to hold monthly meetings with members of both parties. “Let’s show the American people,” he said, “that we can do it together.”

小题1:It can be inferred (推断) from the passage that Obama’s speech on January 27 __________.

was made to explain his plan for the future

was welcomed by the government officials present

was given to ask for foreign help

was actually boring

小题2:The underlined word “plight” in para. 5 probably means __________.

A.education

B.safety

C.goal

D.sadness小题3:Which of the following things does Obama consider the most important in 2010?

A.Health care.

B.Jobs.

C.Education.

D.National security.小题4:We can infer from the last paragraph that __________.

Republicans don’ t agree with Obama’ s goals

Obama will try to cooperate with the other party

Bob McDonnell was not clear about the two parties’ policy differences

Republicans thought it difficult for the two parties to work together

名词解释