问题 问答题 简答题

根据中兽医理论,阐述疾病发生发展与转归的机理

答案

参考答案:

各种致病因素作用于机体引起各种不正常的变化,机体的病理有:

(1)邪正消长:疾病发生过程中发生的邪正消长,决定着疾病的发生、发展与转归。正邪斗争过程中,可出现不同的症候。一般说来,邪盛而正不衰,抗病积极有力,则多表现实症、热症;反之,邪盛而正衰,抗病无力,则多表现虚症、寒症。有一些疾病,在其病变的过程中,还会出现正邪相持和邪去正伤的情况。或由于病邪久留,损伤正气;或正气本虚,无力祛邪而致痰、湿、水、血郁结,形成虚实错杂的征候反映。也是邪正消长过程中经常出现的临床病症。

概括地说,正气虚弱或邪气强盛,则促进病情趋于恶化;反之,正气得到恢复、充实,邪气退却,则疾病往往向好的方向转化,以致痊愈。

(2)升降失常:升降是畜体气化功能的基本运动形式。畜体的脏腑、经络、营卫气血都有一定的运动形式。如脾主升,胃主降;由于脾胃为后天之本,是升降运动的枢纽;升则上输肺心,降则下归肝肾;而肝之升发、肺之肃降;心火下降,肾水上升;肺气宜发,肾阳蒸腾;肺主呼吸,肾主纳气;都要配合脾胃来完成升降运动。如果这些脏腑升降功能失常,即可出现种种病理现象。

(3)阴阳失调:阴阳的相对平衡遭到破坏,就会发生阴阳的偏盛或偏衰的病理变化。

①阴阳偏盛:阳盛者必耗阴,故阳盛则阴病而见热证;阴盛者必伤阳,故阴盛则阳病者必见寒证。

②阴阳偏衰:阳虚则阴相对偏盛,而阳虚为主要矛盾,表现为虚寒证;阴虚则阳相对偏亢,而阴虚为主要矛盾,表现为虚热证。

选择题
阅读理解

Is there a magic cutoff period when offspring become accountable for their own actions? Is there a wonderful moment when parents can become spectators (旁观者) in the lives of their children and shrug, "It' s their life," and feel nothing?

When I was in my twenties, I stood in a hospital corridor waiting for doctors to put a few stitches in my son' s head. I was asked, "When do you stop worrying?" A nurse said, "When they get out of the accident stage." My mother just smiled faintly and said nothing.

When I was in my thirties, I sat on a little chair in a classroom and heard how one of my children talked incessantly, disrupted (打断) the class, and was headed for a career making license plates. As if to read my mind, a teacher said, "Don't worry. They all go through this stage, and then you can sit back, relax, and enjoy them." My mother listened and said nothing.

When I was in my forties, I spent a lifetime waiting for the phone to ring and the cars to come home, the front door to open.

My friends said that when my kids got married I could stop worrying and lead my own life. I wanted to believe that, but I was haunted by my mother' s wan ( 淡淡的 ) smile and her occasional words, "You look pale. Are you all right? Call me the minute you get home."

Can it be that parents are sentenced to a lifetime of worry? Is concern for one another handed down like a torch to blaze the trail of human frailties and the fears of the unknown? Is concern a curse? Or is it a virtue that elevates us to the highest form of life?

One of my children became quite irritable recently, saying to me, "Where were you? I' ve been calling for three days, and no one answered. I was worried! ! !"

I smiled a wan smile.

1.What can we know about the author’s mother from the passage?

A. She seems to laugh at the author.        

B. She is not concerned about the author.

C. She has a thorough understanding of the author.     

D. She tries to give the author some encouragement.

2.What did the author do in her forties?

A. She was less concerned about her children.          

B. She couldn't stop worrying about her children.

C. She would like her children to see her often.        

D. She became more patient with her children.

3.Why did the author smile a wan smile at the end of the passage?

A. She wanted to learn from her mother.                

B. She stopped worrying about her children at last.

C. She succeeded in tricking her children.              

D. She got a kind of satisfaction from her child's concern.

4.The main purpose of the passage is to tell us that ______.

A. the concern between parents and children is natural

B. parents’ love for their children is selfless

C. parents show more concern for their children        

D. parents will worry about their children all their lives