问题 问答题 简答题

表皮分为几层,各有何结构特点?

答案

参考答案:

从基底到表面可分为五层:

基底层,棘层,颗粒层,透明层,角质层。

基底层:为载体着于肌膜上的一层矮柱状或立方形细胞,胞质强嗜碱性,电镜下见胞质有丰富的游离核糖体,细胞相邻面有桥粒连接,基底面有半桥粒与基膜相连。基底层细胞是表皮的干细胞。

棘层:在基底层上方,细胞较大,呈多边形,胞质嗜碱性,核圆居中。电镜下可见细胞向四周伸出细短的突起,故名棘细胞。相邻细胞间以桥粒紧密连接。胞质内含有许多角蛋白丝及游离核糖体以及膜被的板层颗粒。颗粒内主要含有糖脂和胆固醇。

颗粒层:位于棘层上方,细胞核和细胞器已经退化,胞质内含有较强嗜碱性的透明角质颗粒。

透明层:位于颗粒层上方,该层细胞核和细胞器已经消失。

角质层:为表皮的表层,由多层扁平的角质细胞组成,这些细胞已经完全角质化,无核无细胞器,在染色切片中为红色均质状。

单项选择题
阅读理解

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中,选出最佳选项。

Science summer camps are one of the best ways to improve creativity of students and teach them a practical approach towards science and its applications (应用).Students taking part in the camps can learn to appreciate science and technology at an early age, to be better positioned for further learning and finally better prepared to face challenges.Apart from theories, scientific experiments and discussions are encouraged at these camps.

The science summer camps are usually held between June and August and it’s good for parents to start planning their children’s summer camps at least 6 to 7 months in advance.This period of time provides an opportunity for them to do proper research and save money.With more than 2,000 summer camps in the US, there is a wide variety for parents to choose from.If the child doesn’t like biology, there  is no point sending him to an anatomy (解剖学) science camp.Likewise (同样地), if one thinks that his child limits himself to books throughout the school year, he should try and choose camps which provide students with an opportunity to move out in the open and be physically active.To make the task easier, there are many websites which provide online resource materials to help parents select a summer camp that fits the needs of their children.

Generally, a science summer camp costs between $ 150 and $ 500, depending on where the camp is located, how long it lasts and of course what subject it covers.Some of them also provide scholarships (奖学金) for bright students to encourage them.

56.A science summer camp offers students      .

A.chances to be well prepared for future study

B.chances to research and save money

C.ways to get online resource materials

D.chances to live independently

57.What does the underlined word “them” in the second paragraph refer to?

A.Students     B.Organizers CScientists             D.Parents

58.We can infer (推断) from the second paragraph that        .

A.it’s important for children to relax at the summer camps

B.online resource materials can help to organize a summer camp

C.proper camps should be chosen for children according to their needs

D.different parents should be chosen for children according to their needs

59.What do the costs of a science summer camp depend on?

A.Organizers’ efforts and suggestions.  B.Location, time and content.

C.Students’ likes and dislikes.       D.Effects and benefits.