简述奥地利自然体育学说。

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简述奥地利自然体育学说。

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代表人物是高尔霍夫尔和斯特雷西。在更明显地强调体育生物学和教育学原则为指导的基础上，他们提出要以人对运动的需要为基础，建立起“和自然性”的、能促进人体发育成长的身体锻炼体系。他们的教材体系由纠正运动、形成运动、技能运动和技巧运动四大不分组成。他们认为必须把身体锻炼的概念扩展到日常的运动和劳动等，在教学中，则强调充分适应儿童的智力和身体发育状况。

选择题

下列各组离子因发生水解反应而不能大量共存的是

A．Ba²⁺、Cl^－、Na⁺、SO₄²^－

B．AlO₂^－、K⁺、HCO₃^－、Cl^－

C．OH^－、Fe³⁺、NO₃^－、SO₄²^－

D．Al³⁺、Na⁺、HCO₃^－、Cl^－

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阅读理解

Photographs are everywhere. They decorate the walls of homes and are used in stores for sales of different goods. The news is filled with pictures of fires, floods, and special events. Photos record the beauties of nature. They can also bring things close that are far away. Through photos, people can see wild animals, cities in foreign lands, and even the stars in outer space. Photos also tell stories.

Reporting the news through photos is called photojournalism. At times photojournalists tell their stories through a single picture. At other times, they use a group of pictures to tell a story. Each picture is like a chapter in a book, which can do more than record the facts. It can also be a strong force for social change.

Jacob Riis was among the first photojournalists. He took pictures of parts of New York City where the poor lived. Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. A few years later, the photos of small children working in factories by Lewis Hine shocked the public. Hine’s pictures helped bring about laws to protect such children.

Hundreds of pictures may have to be taken in order to get one or two really good photos. It takes science to have the photo come out clearly and art to make a photo that has a good design and expresses feeling. Photojournalists make an actual record of what they see. A photo, however, can be both a work of art and an actual record. It can record an important event as a beautiful or exciting picture.

As historical and artistic documents(文献), photos can become more important over time. Today photojournalists still have their pictures appear in newspapers and magazines. They also publish them in books and on the Internet.