问题 单项选择题

(二) 阅读下面短文,回答下 * * 道题。
尘埃无处不有,虽然它们的个体很小,但汇聚起来威力却不小。据记载,北美大陆在20世纪30年代发生的一次尘暴中,狂风将美国平原的泥土大量向东吹去,有难以估计的牲畜被尘埃窒息而死。尽管如此,尘埃的积极作用却是不可低估的。悬浮在大气中的尘埃粒子,能够将太阳光中的较短光柱拦截,使其进行有规则的发散,这样,才会使天空呈现蔚蓝,在太阳升起和降落时,由于阳光穿过较低层的空间,空气中的尘埃密度大,并伴有水汽,可以吸收和反射阳光中的黄色和红色部分,因此,这时看到的太阳呈现橙色、红色和黄色。气象学家指出,在降雨时,每一个雨滴都必须有一颗尘埃参与,以它作为核心,水汽在其周围凝结,形成云、雾,再由云层形成雨点。若是纯净的空气中没有尘埃的存在,水分子无所依附,就不能形成雨滴降落。此外阳光在射向地球的时候,因受到尘埃的吸收和反射,能使地球上的生物得到适量的光照,以满足生长发育所需要。
现代科学发现,有的尘埃在一定的条件下会发生爆炸,这种现象被称作“尘炸”。据解析,能够产生尘炸的物质有粮食粉尘、砂糖、奶粉、咖啡、金属粉末以及其他非金属粉末等。物质发生爆炸,是一种剧烈的化学反应。而化学反应的速度与反应物质的颗粒大小有关。物质分散得越细,颗粒越小,它的表面积就越大。与具有固定面积的物质相比,接触空气吸附氧分子多,氧化和放热的过程都很快,反应性能就更活泼。当其中的某一质点被火点燃,就会发生连锁反应,产生爆炸。此外,易爆尘埃的颗粒越细,浓度越大,它所产生的爆炸力就会越强。当粉尘含量低于大气含氧量一半时,就不会引起爆炸,物质形成“尘炸”,还和诱因、速度等因素有关。产生“尘炸”的诱因很多,其中最主要的是摩擦冲击以及电器设备或静电产生的火花。
随着现代城市的迅速发展,人们发现尘埃已经成为一种危及环境和人类健康的污染物。流行病学家对尘埃进入人体后的机理进行研究后指出,人们在呼吸时,每次大约要吸入50万个浮游微粒;这些微粒进入人的身体后,可以一直进入肺部深处,并作为经常性刺激物留在那里,它会导致发生炎症,产生黏液,使人呼吸困难,甚至导致死亡的发生。除此之外,浮游微粒还可以向肺部传送化学污染物,而且在传送过程中,可以加速一种叫做游离基的有害物质的产生,从而进一步加剧有害物质对人体的危害程度。进入人体内的浮游微粒尘埃,主要来源于工业废弃物、汽车尾气及建筑、装饰材料中的化学成分。资料表明,在我们生活环境内排放的浮游微粒70%来自人为因素。另据调查,哮喘病、肺炎、心脏病等疾病的发病率,都与浮游微粒的增减有关。
(节选自《百科知识》2002年7月份)

下列对“尘炸”现象的表述不正确的一项是( )。

A.砂糖、面粉、铝粉、铁粉、咖啡、干奶粉等都是能产生“尘炸”的物质

B.易爆尘埃分散得越细,颗粒越小,表面积就越大,反应性能就更活泼,产生“尘炸”的可能性就越大

C.“尘炸”的威力与物质分散的颗粒大小有关:颗粒越大,尘埃的浓度也就越大,“尘弹”的威力也越大

D.产生“尘炸”的诱因最主要的是摩擦冲击以及电器设备或静电产生的火花

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 应该是“颗粒越小,尘埃的浓度也就越大,‘尘炸’的威力也越大”。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

    Space travel is nothing new. The first spacecraft with a human was sent up into space in 1961.

    Since then, people have not only traveled to space, but many of them have also lived there in

space stations for some time.

    The Soviet Union(前苏联) sent the first space station into space in 1971. This space station was

called Salyut I. Salyut I was designed as a place where people could live while they observed space

and did experiments. The first group of astronauts lived there for 23 days. The Soviet Union went on

to make seven more Salyut space stations. At about the same time, the United States built its own

space station, called Skylab.

    Astronauts visited and often lived in these space stations for a short time. However, it wasn’t until

the late 1980s when the Soviet Union sent the Mir space station that people began to live in space for

a longer time. Mir stayed in space from 1989 until 2001, when it was decided that the space station

was too old and no longer safe to live in.

    Living in apace stations seems to be fun, but astronauts face many problems. One of them is food.

All the meals on space stations are put together on Earth and sent there by space shuttle. Because the

food has to last a long time (sometimes up to three months), a lot of it has to be stored in cans. The

space station does not have a fridge, but it has a cool room to keep fruit and vegetables fresh. Astronauts

also eat many other foods such as dried meat that do not need special care.

    Without the help of gravity, sitting down to eat can be tough. Astronauts sometimes have to fix

themselves to the wall while eating. They also have to be very careful to that food does not float away.

1.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “observed” in Paragraph 2?

A. Discovered                              

B. Checked        

C. Watched                                

D. Fixed

2.What can we infer(推断) from the passage?

A.Astronauts can never have a chance to eat fresh food when they live in space stations.

B.The Soviet Union sent a total of 9 space stations into space in the 1970s and 1980s.

C.Astronauts could live in the Mir space station for no more than three weeks.

D.Space travel has quite a long history of more than 60 years.

3.What is the best title of this passage?

A. Exploring Space                          

B. Space Travel

C. Living in Space                          

D. Space Stations

单项选择题 A3/A4型题