问题 问答题

简述反应时研究中的速度与准确率权衡现象及SAT范式。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1) 速度与准确率权衡现象是指研究者们为了研究人类信息加工的特性,常常把反应时间作为指标。其考虑的逻辑是,心理加工过程的复杂性和反应时间的长短之间有一种对应关系,即对一个复杂刺激的加工所需时间较长;而对一个简单刺激的加工时间则要短一些。然而,反应时实验中除了反应速度之外还有反应准确率问题。 研究者们注意到,被试有时会以牺牲准确率为代价去换取反应速度,有时则会以牺牲反应速度为代价去换取反应准确率,亦即被试能根据不同的实验要求或在不同的实验条件下,建立一个权衡反应速度与反应准确率的标准来指导他的反应。这就是反应速度与准确率的权衡(speed-accuracy trade-off,SAT)现象。 (2) 研究者们利用sAT现象形成了一种不同于传统反应时实验的新的反应时实验范式,即速度与准确率权衡范式(SAT范式)。 在sAT实验中,可以通过控制被试做出反应的时间长短来作为实验自变量,测定在各种时间条件下的反应准确率。然后以反应时间为横坐标,以反应准确率为纵坐标,可得到一条速度与准确率权衡曲线。在这条曲线上,可以找到在各种反应时间下的反应准确率(d’)。在这条曲线上,可以用3个参数来描述SAT现象。I表示截距,R表示准确率(d’)随反应时间(RT)的变化而变化的速率,A表示准确率的渐近值,即在无限延长提取时间条件下的最高准确率。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Passage twoEducating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world .women’s education may be unusual territory for economists ,but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue .and economics ,with its emphasis on incentives ,provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expert them to make an economic contribution to he family :girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children .Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling ,trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect. An educated mother ,on the other hand ,has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children ,ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance .The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls ,as well as of boys ,will be education and healthy . The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle. Few will dispute that education women has great social benefits.But it has enormous economic advantages as well .Most obviously ,there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers.Wages rise by 10 to 20 percent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments ,but they are just the beginning .Education women also has a significant impact on health practices,including family planning.

The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is ( )

A.troublesome

B.labor –saving

C. rewarding

D.expensive