问题 问答题

论述颜之推的教育思想

答案

参考答案:我国古代家教理论中,颜之推比较系统地提出了早期教育的主张。他认为家庭教育应从胎教开始,纵然做不到胎教,也要及早从幼儿教起。他之所以极力倡导早期教育,主要是因为:
(1)幼儿时期是教育的最佳时期。他从幼儿期与成年期的教育效果比较中得出这样的结论:幼儿期心理单纯,精力旺盛,求知欲强,是学习的最佳时期。,早期教育对子女的成长具有极其重要的意义,他说:“人生幼小,精神专利,长成以后,思虑散逸,固须早教,勿失机也。”意思是说,孩子小的时候,思想单纯,精神专一,感觉敏锐,容易教育;长大以后,思想复杂,感受迟钝,就难以教育。应该抓紧进行早期教育,不可坐失大好的教育时机。这种理论符合儿童心理发展的规律。
(2)幼儿期心理尚未定型,可塑性很大,是教育的关键时期。颜之推认为,抓紧早期教育和训练,有利于儿童形成良好的习惯。他说:“人在年少,神情未定。”有很强的可塑性。他引用孔子的话说:“少成若天性,习惯如自然。”他认为早期教育和训练养成的习惯,就像与生俱来的那样稳固。他指出,不抓紧早期教育,“骄慢已习,方复制止,捶挞至死而无威,忿怒日隆而增怨,逮于成长,终成败德”。是说等到儿童已经养成恶习,再去纠正,就是打死他也没有用,还会加深孩子的逆反心理,一辈子都难以改正,最终成为无德无用之人。

单项选择题 A1型题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

      With the start of the new term, the students around the country exchange their fun and fashionable

clothes for boring school uniforms (校服). But not all campuses are fashion deserts. Colorful sports shoes,

school bags, T-shirts and even drink containers are breathing life into campuses.

      "The uniform makes us look like a bunch of clones, especially when we are doing morning exercises

on the playground," said Qing Pei, a Senior 2 from Shanghai Qibao High School. "But the boys wear different

sports shoes and girls have different decorations in their hair. These are the areas where you can express

yourself," said Qing. 

      Although it might be strange for boys to talk about fashion, they do care about what they wear in school,

especially shoes, according to Qing. "Nike and Adidas basketball shoes, although they are still the must-have

items for many of my friends, are becoming out-of-date," Qing added. He explained that "Since Liu Xiang ran

so fast in Athens, running shoes are becoming popular in this autumn. "Still in fashion are the various baseball

caps and American-style T-shirts with random (随意的) English words printed on them," said Qing. Besides

sports shoes and T-shirts, styles and colors of school bags are another opportunity for students to express

their taste in fashion. Some bags are made more eye-catching by decorating (装饰) them with small hanging

dolls. Other fashionable items are the colorful drink containers which are now popular among girls this term.

"Some teachers are surprised to see a teenager sucking a bottle like this at school and criticized it as a childish

regression (退化). But some girls just love it," said Yang Rui, a Senior 3.

1. What does "a bunch of clones" (Para 2) mean? [ ]

A. All of the clothes are the same.

B. All of our exercises are the same.

C. We all look like twins.

D. We all have the similar fashions.

2. How do the girls show their personality at campuses? [ ]

A. They wear different sport shoes.

B. They wear school uniforms.

C. They have different decorations in their hair.

D. They drink water from colorful drink containers.

3. What are becoming fashionable for schoolboys according to this news story? [ ]

A. Nike and Adidas basketball shoes.

B. Baseball caps and American-style T-shirts.

C. Colorful drink containers.

D. Running shoes.

4. The writer of this newspaper article wants to _____. [ ]

A. call for the schools to pay attention to students' wear

B. report students' great love for fashion

C. criticize a childish regression at campuses

D. discuss about school uniforms