问题 单项选择题

在病例对照研究中,对暴露与疾病进行测量时,可能发生

A.入院率偏倚
B.混杂偏倚
C.回忆偏倚
D.信息偏倚
E.失访偏倚

答案

参考答案:D

解析: 当以医院患者作为病例和对照时,由于对照是医院患者的一部分而不是全体目标人群的一个随机样本;又由于病例只是该医院的特定病例,不是全体患者的随机样本,因而难免产生偏倚,这是以医院为基础的病例对照研究最常见的偏倚——入院率偏倚。病例对照研究中调查研究对象既往的暴露情况,由于被调查者记忆失真或不完整造成结论的系统误差,叫回忆偏倚。混杂偏倚可通过研究设计阶段进行限制与匹配、资料分析阶段采用分层分析和多因素分析加以控制。在病例对照研究中,对暴露与疾病进行测量时,容易产生调查偏倚,这是信息偏倚的一种。

单项选择题
阅读理解

There is one word you must learn before you visit the USA. That is “Freeze”. Remember it has a special meaning besides the usual one. It means “stand still and don’t move”. Often policemen use it when they are ready to use their guns. If one doesn’t obey the order and moves, he or she will be shot to death.

One evening in Los Angeles, someone rang the bell of a house. It was a dangerous area at night, so the owner of the house took his gun with him when he answered the door. He opened the door and saw a strange man. But the man turned round and started walking away from the house. The owner cried: “Freeze”, but the young man went on walking without obeying the owner’s order. The owner thought he was trying to run away, so he shot at the young man and he was killed.

Later, police found that the dead man was a Japanese student who was studying in Los Angeles University. He went to visit a friend, but unluckily could not remember the number of the house. When he realized he went to the wrong house he turned round and left. He didn’t know much English and so didn’t understand the word “Freeze”. What a lesson we should get for this!

小题1:According to the article, what does the word “Freeze” mean?

A.It means “be covered with ice”.

B.It means “very cold”.

C.It means “dangerous”.

D.It means “Stand still, or I will shoot you”.小题2:The meaning of the word “owner” here means _________.

A.a policeman

B.a man with a gun

C.a person who possesses something

D.a dog of a house小题3:Which of the following is right?

A.When you hear the police or someone say “Freeze” in the USA, you must stop moving.

B.Don’t ring the bell of anyone’s house in the USA at night.

C.At last, the police found the dead man was a thief.

D.The owner of the house was put into prison.小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?

A.Police say “Freeze” when they are going to use their guns.

B.The story happened in Los Angeles in the morning.

C.The dead man was a Japanese student.

D.The dead man couldn’t understand the meaning of “Freeze”.小题5:What’s the best title of the article?

A.A Japanese Student

B.American Police

C.Freeze

D.The Owner of a House