问题 问答题

谈谈对炫富广告问题的看法,字数不超过500字。

答案

参考答案:

解析:“炫富”广告是改革开放发展到一定程度的产物。它反映了我国房地产等行业已经有了很大的发展,也反映了社会中已有相当一部分人具有较强的经济实力来购买这些产品。一方面,我们要看到,“炫富”广告是不良文化的一种表现,是与构建和谐社会不相融洽的一种声音。在当今贫富差距已经拉得很大的情况下,它向广大民众宣传一种奢华、享受型的生活方式,很容易伤害居于社会中绝大多数的中下层人士。因为他们整天要为自己及其一家的温饱和生存而奋斗,“炫富”广告所宣传的内容离他们的能力和需求还很远。对于他们来说,这无异于是在向他们炫耀着自己所不能企望的富人财富的殷实及其生活方式的奢华,因此很容易由此而反感,甚至愤怒。所以,“炫富”广告在社会上招致广泛的批评也是理所当然的,即使主张叫停“炫富”广告,也是可以理解的。另一方面,我们也要冷静地看到,“炫富”广告只是贫富矛盾和贫富差距的表现形式,而不是其本身,将矛头指向“炫富”广告本身,无助于问题的解决。因为“炫富”并非因为做了J”告而出现,也不会因为广告消失而弱化多少,即使没有“炫富”广告的存在,已有的贫富矛盾和贫富差距也不会消失,社会成员也可以从生活的方方面面,真切感受到贫富差距的存在。促进社会和谐,缓解贫富矛盾,说到底还是要从制度设置上人手,比如深化财富、资源分配时的公正性。依笔者之见,最主要的是要从富者和非富者两方面根本处人手:于富者,需要堵住其非法暴富的渠道,比如贪污腐败、以权谋私、偷税漏税、带血的财富等途径;于非富者,则需要切实措施引导其走向富裕大道,向共同富有的方向迈进。更重要的是,当前要将国家救济、保障等系列措施落实到位,确保公民应当享有的权益不折不扣地体现出来。如果我们总是舍本逐末,而不去触及根本性问题,现有的社会问题就难以得到有效解决。

阅读理解

For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies----and other creatures----learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological (生理的) “drive” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.

It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.

Paousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s response in situation where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on a display of lights---- and indeed that they were able to learn quite complicated turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.

Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of lights which pleased them, it was the success that they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a primary human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.

72.According to the author, babies learn to do things which ____.

A. are directly related to pleasure          B. will meet their physical needs

C. will bring them a feeling of success          D. will satisfy their curiosity

73.Papousek noticed in the studies that a baby ____.

A. would make learned response when it saw the milk

B. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink

C. would continue the simple movements without being given milk

D. would turn its head to right or life when it had enough to drink

74.In Papousek’s experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to ____.

A. have the lights turned on              B. be rewarded with milk

C. please their parents                   D. be praised

75.According to Papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving is a reflection of ____.

A. a basic human desire to understand and control the world

B. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs

C. their strong desire to solve complex problem

D. an important human urge to display their learned skills

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