问题 问答题

简述矩阵结构。

答案

参考答案:矩阵结构是以完成某项工作为核心,从有关部门抽调人员组成临时机构来履行工作任务的结构。与直线职能结构不同的是,矩阵结构中垂直领导与水平领导是并重的。矩阵结构既保持了组织成员构成的稳定性,又有助于充分发挥组织成员的综合优势,组织效率相对较高。与前述三种结构形式相比,矩阵组织更加灵活,适应能力也更强,因此也有人把矩阵组织称为适应性组织。矩阵组织由于较能适应复杂工作的需要,已被很多规模较大的公共组织采用,特别是在行政组织中,矩阵结构非常普遍。不同时期政府设置的临时办公机构就是以矩阵形式组织起来的,如各种工作领导协调小组及其办公室等。

阅读理解

Summer vacations should be relaxed for students. However, many of them use the opportunity to take part in summer project.

Xu Dan,a 15-year-old girl , loves vacations because it means she can spend more time volunteering. She believes that volunteering has cts instead. changed her life and made her a better person.

Two years ago, Xu was a shy girl. One day, she saw a group of volunteers picking up trash in the street. Since she had no plans for the summer vacation and wanted to make some friends, she decided to join them.

“I used to think volunteering was nothing more than picking up trash. Now I know that the aim of volunteer work is helping others and gaining self-esteem(自尊),”Xu says. Her volunteering schedule is full: teaching migration workers’(外来务工人员) children English from Mondays to Fridays, picking up trash on Saturdays, and visiting old people on Sundays.

For Xu, visiting old people is the most meanful activity. “I help them clean their homes and cut their hair. I talk to them and listen to their life stories. These are just small things, but every time I help others I feel more confident about myself,” Xu says.

According to Xu, the positive energy(正能量) from volunteering influences the way she deals with people and sees the world. “I can see things from other people’s point of view and look at things more positively. I think I’m going to hold on to it all my life.” she says.

小题1:Xu Dan loves to spend more time_______  during vacations.

A.studying

B.reading

C.traveling

D.volunteering小题2:When did Xu Dan start volunteering?

A.When she was 14 years old.

B.When she was 15 years old.

C.Two years ago

D.Three years ago.小题3:Why did Xu Dan decide to join volunteers at first?

A. She didn’t have any plans for the summer vacation

B. She wanted to make some friends

C. She wanted to get more experiences.

D. Both A and B.

小题4:What does Xu Dan do on Sundays according to her volunteering schedule?

A.She visits sick people.

B.She visits old people

C.She picks up trash .

D.She teaches migration workers’ children English .小题5:Which of the following is NOT ture according to the passage?

A.Xu Dan believes that volunteering has changed her life.

B.Xu Dan used to think volunteering was just picking up trash.

C.Xu Dan thinks teaching English is the most meanful activity.

D.Xu Dan will continue volunteering.

单项选择题