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问题 单项选择题

法国某公司(卖方)与中国某公司(买方)订立了电脑买卖合同，合同中约定CIF上海，信用证支付。卖方按合同约定将电脑装船，并获得信用证要求的提单、保险单、发票等单据，并向法国的议付行办理了议付，结果航行中船舶遇特大暴雨触礁沉没，货物全部灭失，此时开证行收到了议付行寄来的全套单据，也得知货物灭失的消息，根据上述案情以及UCP600的规定，下列说法正确的是：______

A．开证行可以拒绝偿付议付行已经议付的货款，理由是其客户中国某公司不能得到所期待的货物
B．买方中国某公司的损失可以基于买卖合同要求卖方补偿
C．买方中国某公司的损失可以通过卖方提交的保险单向保险公司索赔
D．由于货物全部灭失，买方免除其所承担的付款义务

答案

参考答案：C

解析：开证行不能拒绝偿付议付行已经议付的货款，因为根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》(UCP600号)的规定，信用证独立于货物买卖合同，信用证款项的支付以单证相符为前提，与货物无关。所以A错误。在CIF贸易术语下，风险在装货港已经由卖方转移给买方，因而买方并不能免除其所承担的付款义务，也无法通过买卖合同要求卖方补偿，可行的方法是通过卖方提交的保险单向保险公司索赔，所以B、D错误，C正确。

填空题

Some consumer researchers distinguish_____(1) "rational" motives and "emotional" (or "non-rational") motives. They use the term "rationality"_____(2) the traditional economic sense that assumes_____(3) consumers behave rationally when they carefully consider all alternatives_____(4) choose those that give them the greatest utility (i.e., satisfaction). _____(5) a marketing context, the term "rationality" implies that the consumer selects goods based_____(6) totally objective criteria, such_____(7) size, weight, price, and so on. "Emotional" motives imply the selection of goods____(8) to personal or subjective criteria — the desire_____(9) individuality, pride, fear, affection or status.The assumption underlying this distinction is____(10) subjective or emotional criteria do not maximize utility or satisfaction. _____ (11), it is reasonable to assume that consumers always attempt to select alternatives that, ____(12) their view, serve to maximize satisfaction. Obviously, the assessment of satisfaction is a very personal process, based_____(13) the individual’’s own needs as_____(14) as on past behavioral, social, and learning experiences. What may appear_____(15) irrational to an outside observer may be perfectly rational ______(16) the context of the consumer’’s own psychological field. For example, a product purchased to enhance one’’s self-image (such as a fragrance) is a perfectly rational form of consumer behavior. ____(17) behavior did not appear rational to the person who undertakes it_____ (18) the time that it is undertaken, obviously he or she would not do it._____(19) the distinction between rational and emotional motives does not appear to be warranted.Some researchers go so far_____(20) to suggest that emphasis_____ (21) "needs" obscures the rational, or conscious, nature of most consumer motivation. They claim that con sumers act consciously____(22) maximize their gains and minimize their losses; that they act not____(23) subconscious drives but from rational preferences,____(24) what they perceive to be_____(25) their own best interests.
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选择题

下列四幅图像能正确反映对应变化关系的是（    ）

A．向一定量稀硫酸中不断地加入NaOH溶液

B．用酒精灯加热一定量KMnO4固体

C．向一定量澄清石灰水中加入Na2CO3溶液

D．向盛有MnO2的烧杯中不断地加入H2O2溶液
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