问题 问答题

时代公司为一般纳税人工业企业,适用增值税税率为17%,发生下列有关固定资产的经济业务:
(1)2006年3月初增加一项不需安装的固定资产用于生产部门,该项设备原值202000元,预计使用年限为10年,预计净残值为2000元,采用年限平均法计提折旧。至2008年末,对该项设备进行检查后,估计其可收回金额为140000元,减值测试后,该项固定资产的折旧方法、预计使用年限均不变,净残值为零。
(2)持有一项生产设备,原价为800100元,预计其使用寿命内总产量为400000件,预计净残值为100元,2009年生产50000件,假设对该设备未计提减值。时代公司采用工作量法对该项设备计提折旧。
(3)2009年9月5日购入一台管理用设备,购入当日投入使用,增值税专用发票上注明的价款为585000元,增值税99450元,支付运杂费等其他费用25000元(不考虑运费抵扣增值税因素),预计使用年限为5年,预计净残值为i0000元。时代公司采用年数总和法对该项设备计提折旧。
(4)2009年5月自行建造一条生产线,用于生产部门,领用本企业的工程物资价款100000元;领用本企业自产产品,成本为30000元,公允价值为50000元,增值税税率17%,支付的相关工程人员工资为11500元。2009年12月20日完工投入使用,预计使用年限为5年,预计净残值为5000元。采用双倍余额递减法计提折旧,至2012年末未计提任何减值准备。
要求:

根据业务(3),计算固定资产2012年折旧金额,并编制相关会计分录。

答案

参考答案:2009年该设备的入账价值=585000+25000=610000(元)
2012年设备计提折旧=[(610000-10000)×3/15]×9/12+[(610000-10000)×2/15]×3/12=110000(元)
账务处理为:
借:管理费用 110000
贷:累计折旧 110000

单项选择题 B型题
问答题

(46) Globalization might be welcomed on many grounds—the economic, political, communicational, and even linguistic ones come readily to mind but it also has some unfortunate side effects that might prove deadly to the very future of mankind. This is no mere surmise of congenital misanthropes, but the expressed fear of some who are otherwise well disposed to it. Thus Thomas Friedman, in an otherwise optimistically minded book, nevertheless, writes as follows:
(47) The more I observed the system of globalization at work, the more obvious it was that it had unleashed forest-crushing forces of development, which if left unchecked had the potential to destroy the environment and uproot culture...
(48) And because globalization as a culturally homogenizing and environment-devouring force is coming on so fast, there is real danger that in just a few decades it will wipe out the ecological and cultural diversity that took millions of years of human and biological forces to produce.
Something is as ominous as all that is a real threat indeed. (49) And yet, despite such apprehensions, Friedman and others who think like him believe that effects of this magnitude can somehow be sidestepped without interfering with the technicizing sweep of globalization. Is that merely wishful thinking or an inability to take in the full import of his own words
As Friedman points out, the globalization threat is at once to nature and to culture: to the environment and the whole ecological variety of plants and animals, as well as to the quality of human life and the cultural diversity on which it depends. Damage to nature eventually translates itself as damage to culture, and vice versa. The fate of many ancient civilizations that collapsed because they outgrew their natural resources is historical proof of that fact. Our modern civilization is subject to the same self-limiting conditions. (50) Thus, if all agriculture is reduced to an agribusiness industry, then the diversified countryside landscape that humans have created since the Neolithic revolution will become a monocultural ecological desert, for with it will disappear a host of animal and plant species as well as a whole rural way of life with its myriad varieties of folk cultures that have been carried on for millennia. The loss of natural species through the destruction of their natural habitat is paralleled step by step by the loss of cultural "species" through the elimination of their social habitat, which is rooted in a natural environment. The clearing of jungles does not merely exterminate the animals living there, but also the native people whose homes have been there for countless generations.