问题 单项选择题

A conventional teacher’s licensee usually requires a university degree in education plus an unpaid term of practice teaching. This has never made much sense. It excludes bright students who take degrees in other subjects, and might teach those subjects; it is costly and time-consuming for career-switchers, who must wait a year or more before they can enter a classroom; it is so rigid that private-school teachers or university professors with years of experience have to jump through hoops before they can start teaching in a state school. And there is virtually no evidence that it creates better teachers. For all that, it is ply backed by schools of education, which have a monopoly of teacher-training, and by teachers’ unions, whose members make more money when it is artificially hard for others to get into the profession.

Now, some 45 states and the Districts of Columbia offer an "alternative route" to a teacher’s licensee, up from only a handful in the 1980s. Alternative certification (AC) generally allows individuals with a university degree to begin teaching immediately after passing an entrance examination. These recruits, watched over by a mentor teach the subject they studied at university, and take education courses at a sponsoring university while drawing their salaries.

The traditional sort of American teacher is likely to be young, white and female. Alternative certification attracts more men and more non-whites. In Texas, for instance, roughly 90% of public-school teachers are white, but 40% of those who have joined through alternative certification are non-whites. The AC route also draws teachers willing to go where they are most needed. A survey of Troops to Teachers, a program that turns exsoldiers into public-school teachers (" Proud to serve again"), found that 39% of those taking part are willing to teach in inner-city schools, and 68% in rural areas.

Are they good teachers Officialdom is reluctant to release the details which might answer that question for certain. But anecdotal evidence suggests they do well. In New Jersey, which has been running this sort of program since 1984, rich districts, which can afford to be choosy, consistently hire more AC teachers than poor districts do. In Houston, Texas, where the Teach of America program (TFA) puts recent university graduates into poor communities as teachers, the most effective teachers are generally the TFA ones. " School principals are our biggest fans," Wendy Kopp, TFA’s president, says proudly.

So why not scrap the cumbersome teacher-licensing laws Frederick Hess, a professor at the University of Virginia, has written a paper for the Progressive Policy Institute arguing that teacher-licensing ought to be stripped to the bare essentials. Prospective teachers should be required only to hold a college degree, pass a test of essential skills, and be checked to make sure they do not have a criminal background. Other training is important, argues Mr. Hess, but the market, not state legislators, should decide what that training looks like. This notion of "competitive certification" has drawn favorable attention from the Bush administration.

How does the author feel about the conventional teacher’s training()

A. Ridiculous

B. Unjust

C. Complicated

D. Irrelevant

答案

参考答案:C

解析:

[考核题型] 作者观点题

文章第一段首句指出传统教师资格证书通常要求教员具备教育专业的大学学位,同时还要经过一学期无薪教育实习。然后指出的种种弊端。第二段则阐述另一种教师资格认证体系(Ahernative Certification),相比起来传统的资格制度太繁琐,弊端较多。而且最后一段作者主张废除这种麻烦的资格认证制度。可见,C项为正确答案。A项为干扰项,我们不能仅凭文章第2句话“This has never made much sense”就认为A项是作者的观点,需要综观全局。

综合题

教育是立国之本,国运兴衰,系于教育。阅读下列材料:(10分)

材料一:孔子以诗书礼乐教,弟子盖三千焉,身通六艺者七十有二。如颜浊邹(注:当时的大盗)之徒,颇首业者众。

——司马迁《史记·孔子世家》

材料二:西汉教育制度之重要性,乃以育才与选贤双轨并进。换言之,乃是教育制度与选举制度之配合行使。由地方……申送十八岁以上青年入太学,……甲等得在宫廷充皇帝侍卫,乙等回归本乡作吏。

——钱穆《国史新论》

材料三:康有为屡次上书失败后,认识到今当多难之秋,……“欲任天下之事,开中国之新界,莫亟於教育。”严复明确道:“民智之卑……惟急从教育上著手,庶几逐渐更张也。”

——张良才、孙传宏《中国教育社会价值观的百年嬗变》

材料四:对全国教育战线十七年的工作怎样估计?我看,主导方面是红线。应当肯定,十七年中,绝大多数知识分子,不管是科学工作者还是教育工作者,……辛勤劳动,努力工作,取得了很大成绩。特别是教育工作者,他们的劳动更辛苦。

材料五:义务教育必须贯彻国家的教育方针,努力提高教育质量,使儿童、少年在品德、智力、体质等方面全面发展,为提高全民族的素质,培养有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的社会主义建设人才奠定基础。

——《中华人民共和国义务教育法》

请回答:

(1)孔子是古代大教育家,据材料一并结合所学知识,指出孔子对中国古代教育的普及所做出的贡献。(2分)

(2)据材料二指出汉代教育制度的重要创新举措是什么?这一创新举措是哪位封建帝王开始实施的?(2分)

(3)材料三中康有为、严复的共同主张是什么?在他们的推动下,十九世纪末中国发生了一场什么政治运动?(2分)

(4)材料四中邓 * * 充分肯定了1994—1966的教育工作。经过这十七年的努力,我国的教育事业在体系建设方面取得了什么重大成就?(1分)

(5)据材料五并结合所学知识,列举改革开放后党和政府为加快教育事业发展所采取的重大举措。(3分)

单项选择题