问题 问答题

简述《中华民国临时约法》的主要内容、特点及历史意义。

答案

参考答案:《中华民国临时约法》具有中华民国临时宪法的性质,在正式宪法实施以前,具有与宪法相等的效力。作为一部资产阶级民主共和国性质的宪法文件,它具有资产阶级革命性和民主性。
(1) 主要内容:①明确宣示中华民国为统一的民主共和国。②确立了资产阶级民主共和国的国家制度、政治体制和组织原则。③规定人民享有广泛的权利及应尽的义务。反映了辛亥革命的积极成果,表现了资产阶级革命派标榜的民主精神。④确认了保护私有财产的原则。它以法律的形式破除了清王朝束缚私人资本主义发展的各种桎梏,破坏了封建国家所有制,在客观上有利于资本主义的发展。
(2) 主要特点:就是从各方面设定条款,对袁世凯加以限制和防范。反映了资产阶级革命党人在即将交权让位之际企图利用约法制约袁世凯、保卫民国的苦心和努力。主要表现在:①在国家 * * 体制上,改总统制为责任内阁制以限制袁世凯的权力。②在权力关系上,扩大参议院的权力以抗衡袁世凯。③在程序性条款上,规定特别修改程序以制约袁世凯。
(3) 历史意义:《中华民国临时约法》的制定和公布施行,是南京临时政府法制建设的重要成就,也是中国宪法史上的一件大事。作为中国历史上第一部资产阶级共和国性质的宪法文件,它肯定了辛亥革命的成果,彻底否定了中国数千年来的封建君主专制制度,肯定了资产阶级民主共和制度和资产阶级民主自由原则,在全国人民面前树立起“民主”、“共和”的形象。它所反映的资产阶级的愿望和意志,在当时条件下是符合中国社会发展趋势的,也在一定程度上反映了广大人民群众的民主要求。

单项选择题
阅读理解

Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet.If I ask you “What is the most important in your life?” maybe you will say “Computers and the Internet.”

The first computer was made in 1946.It was very big but it worked slowly Today computers are getting smaller and smaller.But they work faster and faster.What can computers do? A writer has said, “People can’t live without computers today.”

The Internet came a little later than computers.It is about twenty-five years later than computers.But now it can be found almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do shopping, play games or make friends.

Many students like the Internet very much. They often go into the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends.They don’t know their real names, ages, and even sex (性别).They are so interested in making the “unreal friends” that they can’t put their hearts into study. Many of them can’t catch up with others on many subjects because of that.

We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world.But at the same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.

71.The Internet can not be used for ____.

A.studying       B.shopping        C.thinking       D.playing

72.When the computer was invented, it was ____.

A.large and worked quickly       B.small and worked slowly

C.large but worked slowly          D.small but worked quickly

73.The Internet was born in about ____.

A.1960              B.1970       C.1980       D.1985

74.Which of the following is true? 

A.Few students like going into the Internet.

B.Students use the Internet to make “unreal friends”.

C.These “unreal friends” often meet each other.

D.Students know the friends on the Internet very well.

75.What does the writer think of the Internet?  

A.It is wonderful.            B.It can make students study harder.

C.It is not good for students.    D.It is helpful, but we can’t do everything on it.