问题 单项选择题

某框架结构房屋采用桩基、建筑桩基的设计等级为甲级,基础平面尺寸为2.8m×2.8m,桩径为500mm(图10-44-1),由于场地地质条件复杂,对基桩及承台效应均进行静荷载试验,经试验得到三根试桩的单桩竖向极限承载力分别为:3090kN、2850kN及2710kN,承台效应系数ηc=0.15。承台下5m深度范围内各土层的地基承载力特征值按厚度加权的平均值fak=110kN/m2

该房屋核心筒结构在不考虑风荷载及地震作用情况下,传至筏板基础顶面的最不利荷载效应基本组合轴向压力设计值N=30000kN,试问在验算核心简处筏板冲切承载力时,在冲切临界截面处的剪应力值(N/mm2)与下列何项数值最接近().

提示:筏板的结构重要性系数γ0为1.0,假定筏板冲切破坏锥体内的地基净反力设计值σ扣除筏板自重后为15kPa。

A.1.0

B.0.90

C.0.80

D.0.70

答案

参考答案:D

解析:

根据《建筑地基基础设计规范》第8.4.8条规定,在验算距核心筒外表h0/2处的临界截面的剪应力时,其值等于Fl/(urnh0)。其中Ff应取作用于核心筒传至筏板基础顶面的荷载效应基本组合轴向压力设计值减去筏板冲切破坏锥体内的地基反力设计值(应扣除板自重)。

今核心筒处筏板冲切破坏锥体的底面积A=(11.6+1.35×2)2=204.5m2,冲切破坏锥体内的地基反力设计值扣除筏板自重后σ=15kPa,因此冲切集中力设计值Fl

Fl=N-Aσ=50000-204.5×15=46932kN

冲切临界截面面积umh0=(11.6+1.35)×4×1.35=69.93m2

因此冲切临界截面面积上的剪应力:

τ=Fv/(umh0)=46932/69.93=671kPa=0.671N/mm2

此值与D项最接近。其余A、B、C均因计算有误,不是正确选项。

[点评] 平板式筏基内筒下的板厚应满足冲切承载力的要求,《地基基础设计规范》针对高层建筑中常遇的设计问题,作出专门的规定,结构工程师对有关临界截面剪应力计算和受冲切承载力的计算问题应了解和熟悉,且应掌握它与一般情况下板承受集中荷载时受冲切承载力计算的异同。

判断题

Passage 1In order to produce goods and services, businesses need to buy the required raw materials and equipment. Many firms need to order components or equipment to their own specifications which will later be used to produce a finished product. Firms need reliable suppliers who must be:Stable. Firms that can not supply goods in time to the purchasing company may mean delays and holdups for customers. Thus the purchasing company should check the financial background of its suppliers.Able. The purchasing company must investigate whether potential suppliers are able to make the goods required. This may mean looking at the firm’s equipment and staff expertise if a large or important order is being considered. Some purchasing departments may ask for evidence of the firm having done similar work for other organizations before placing an order. Trade directories and specialist magazines are a useful starting point in this research.Clear. What is required will usually be made clear in a specification. The specification or “spec” will give the exact technical details of what is needed in terms of size, shape, color and performance of the items to be purchased. The supplying firm must then meet this specification exactly.An important problem all purchasing companies have to deal with is whether to use one or two or several suppliers. By using several suppliers it is argued that competition between them will force prices down. And delays or disruption at one supplier will not affect too much. Arguments against this are that researching various suppliers is time-consuming and expensive, and low prices might mean reduced quality. Using fewer suppliers for larger orders can mean that the purchaser receives greater attention and discount for bulk purchases. The suppliers will be more involved in the firm’s business, too.

Having more than one supplier might bring lower price but searching for them might be time-consuming. ( )

单项选择题 A1型题