问题 问答题

甲公司向工商银行借款500万元,乙有限责任公司为该贷款事项提供一般责任保证,由于丙学校是由甲公司资助的,在该贷款中,丙学校用其价值30万元的教室房屋作抵押,另外由丁企业用其价值120万元的设备抵押,该设备办理了抵押物的登记,后丁公司自行将该设备转让,受让人不知道该设备的抵押情况,贷款到期后,甲公司未能清偿银行货款本息,银行要求各担保人承担担保责任。
要求:根据上述事实及《合同法》和《担保法》的规定,回答下列问题:
(1) 本案中哪些担保合同是无效的并说明理由。
(2) 丁公司的转让行为是否有效并说明理由。
(3) 银行可否直接要求乙公司承担保证责任并说明理由。

答案

参考答案:(1) 甲学校提供的抵押担保无效。根据《担保法》的规定,学校、幼儿园、医院等以公益为目的的事业单位、社会团体的教育设施、医疗卫生设施和其他社会公益设施,不得抵押。因此这里的丙学校的教育设施不得用作抵押物。乙有限责任公司提供的保证是有效的;丁股份有限公司提供的抵押担保有效。
(2) 丁公司的转让行为不符合法律规定。根据规定,抵押期间,抵押人转让已经办理登记的抵押物的,应当通知抵押权人,并告知受让人转让物已经抵押的情况;抵押人未通知抵押权人或者未告知受让人的,转让行为无效。该案中,丁公司转让的是已经办理了抵押物登记的设备,应该履行通知和告知的义务,否则转让行为无效。
(3) 银行不能直接要求乙公司承担保证责任。乙公司提供的保证方式是一般保证,根据规定,一般保证的保证人在主合同纠纷未经审批或者仲裁,并就债务人财产依法强制执行仍不能履行债务前,对债权人可以拒绝承担保证责任。

单项选择题
填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.