问题 问答题

国际收支不平衡的影响

答案

参考答案:(1)国际收支逆差的影响
一国的国际收支出现逆差,一般会导致本币贬值;如果逆差严重,则会导致本币汇率急剧下跌。为了稳定本币汇率,货币当局就要通过抛售外汇、买进本币的方式对外汇市场进行干预。
这样,一方面会消耗外汇储备,甚至会造成外汇的枯竭,从而严重削弱对外支付能力;另一方面会形成国内货币紧缩形势,促使利率水平上升,影响本国经济的增长,从而导致失业的增加和国民收入增长率的下降。
以国际收支逆差形成的具体原因来说,如果是贸易收支逆差所致,将会造成国内失业的增加;如系资本流出大于资本流入所致,则会造成国内资金的紧张,从而影响经济增长。
(2)国际收支顺差的影响
一国的国际收支顺差会产生如下不得影响:
一般会使本国货币汇率上升,从而不利于其出口贸易的发展,加重国内的失业问题;
顺差将使本国货币供应量增加,进而加重通货膨胀;将加剧国际摩擦,因为一国的国际收支发生顺差,意味着有关国家国际收支发生逆差;
国际收支如果是形成于过度出口造成的贸易收支顺差,则意味着国内可供资源的减少,因而不利于本国经济的发展。
一般来说,一国的国际收支越是不平衡,其不利影响也就越大。相比之下,逆差所产生的影响更为险恶,因为它会造成国内经济的萎缩、失业的大量增加和外汇储备的枯竭,因而对逆差采取调节措施要更为紧迫些。

选择题
阅读理解

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Ⅲ 阅读(共两节。满分40分)

第一节 阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)

阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I’ve loved my mother’s desk since I was just tall enough to see above the top of it as Mother sat doing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be the most wonderful thing in the world.

Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. “But the desk”, he said, “is for Elizabeth” 。

I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me, she showed it in action. But as a young girl, I wanted heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.

They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was “too emotional”. But she lived “on the surface”.

As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.

I posted the letter and waited for her answer. None came.

My hope turned to disappointment, the little interest, finally, peace — it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn’t be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.

Now the present of her desk told me, as she’d never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work, I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside — a photo of my father and a one-page letter, folded and refolded many times.

Give me an answer, my desk, in any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words.

31. The writer began to love her mother’s desk _______.

A. after Mother died             B. before she became a writer

C. when she was a child          D. when Mother gave it to her

32. The passage shows about _______.

A. Mother wrote her daughter in careful words

B. Mother cared much about her daughter in words

C. Mother was too serious about everything her daughter had done

D. Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter

33. The word “gulf” in the 4th paragraph means _______.

A. part of the sea going far in land

B. free talks between mother and daughter

C. different ideas between the mother and daughter

D. deep understanding between the old and the young

34. What did Mother do with her daughter’s letter asking for forgiveness?

A. She had never received the letter.

B. She read the letter again and again till she died.

C. For years, she often talked about the letter.

D. She didn’t forgive her daughter at all in her life.

35. What’s the best title of the passage?

A. My letter to Mother                 B. Mother and children

C. My Mother’s Desk                  D. Talks between Mother and Me