问题 问答题

实现商品储存的合理化,你认为应从哪几个方面进行考虑试举一例说明。

答案

参考答案:

解析:为了实现商品储存的合理化,可以采取以下十大实施要点: (1)储存物品的ABC分析。ABC分析是实施储存合理化的基础,在此基础上可以进一步解决各类的结构关系、储存量、重点管理、技术措施等合理化问题。 (2)实施重点管理。在ABC分析的基础上,分别决定各种物品的合理库存储备数量以及经济地保有合理储备的办法,乃至实施零库存。 (3)适当集中储存。在形成一定社会总规模的前提下,追求规模经济,适度集中储存是合理化的重要内容。适度集中库存是利用储存规模优势,以适度集中储存代替分散的小规模储存来实现合理化。集中储存除了降低总成本外,还有一系列其他好处:一是对单个客户的保证能力提高;二是有利于采用机械化、自动化的作业方式;三是有利于形成一定批量的干线运输;四是有利于成为支线运输的始发站。适度集中库存也是“零库存”这种合理化形式的前提条件之一。 (4)加速总的周转,提高单位产出。储存现代化的重要课题是将静态储存变为动态储存,周转速度加快,会带来一系列的合理化好处,如资金周转快、资本效益高、货损少、仓库吞吐能力增加、成本下降等。 (5)采用有效的“先进先出”方式。“先进先出”是一种有效保证物品储存期不至过长的合理化措施,也成为储存管理的准则之一。有效的“先进先出”方式主要有:①贯通式货架系统;②“双仓法”储存;③采用计算机存取系统管理。 (6)增加储存密度,提高仓容利用率。主要目的是减少储存设施的投资,提高单位储存面积的利用率,以降低成本、减少土地占用。主要有三类方法:①采取高垛的方法,增加储存的高度;②缩小库内通道宽度以增加储存有效面积;③减少库内通道数量以增加有效储存面积。 (7)采用有效的储存定位系统。如果定位系统有效,就不仅能大大减少寻找、存放、取出的时间,节约物化劳动及活劳动,而且能防止差错,便于清点及实行订货点等管理方式。储存定位系统可采用先进的计算机管理,也可采取一般人工管理。行之有效的方式主要有“四号定位”方式和电子计算机定位系统。 (8)采用有效的监测清点方式。对储存物品数量和质量的监测,既是掌握基本情况之必须,也是科学库存控制之必须。在实际工作中稍有差错,就会使账物不符,因而必须及时、准确地掌握实际储存情况,经常与账卡核对,这无论是人工管理或是计算机管理,都是必不可少的。此外,经常监测也是掌握被存物品质量状况的重要工作。监测清点的有效方式主要有“五五化”堆码、光电识别系统和电子计算机监控系统:①“五五化”堆码;②光电识别系统;③电子计算机监控系统。 (9)采用现代储存保养技术。这是储存合理化的重要方面,主要有气幕隔潮、气调储存、塑料薄膜封闭等。 (10)采用集装箱、集装袋、托盘等运储装备一体化方式。

阅读理解

阅读理解(二)(本题共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

阅读下列短文回答问题:

The most unusual museum in London is the Science Museum. In most museums, there’s no shouting and no running, and you aren’t allowed to touch the exhibits. But the Science Museum is different… because it’s noisy ! People talk about what they can see and do there, and some of the machines are noisy as well. Visiting the Science Museum is fun and it’s a great way to learn about science because you can work things out and try out ideas.

When I visit the Science Museum, I go to the Launch Pad. This is my favorite room because you can do physics experiments. For example, if you want to fill a bag with falling sand, you have to move a kind of truck on wheels into the correct position. I also go to the Rocket Show. You can learn how we travel into space and back again.

Then I go upstairs to the Human and Nature room. You can compare your speed with animals there. You hear a noise and push a button. If you aren’t fast enough, the lion catches you! I’m faster than all my friends, but the lion still catches me.

You can do a lot of things in this museum, but you have to obey some rules as well. For example, you mustn’t take photos of the exhibits in the museum. But you can buy postcards of them in the museum shops.

Above all, the Science Museum is free. That means you can drop in for a few minutes or you can stay as long as you like – it’s open every day, from 10 am to 6 pm. So if you ever go to London, make sure you visit the Science Museum. It’s my favorite museum in the whole world.

小题1:Where does Tony go first when he visits the Science Museum?

小题2:What can you try out in the Human and Nature room?

小题3:How much does it cost to go in the Science Museum?

小题4:How long can you stay at the Science Museum ?

小题5:What does the writer think of the Science Museum?

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