问题 填空题

A Great Friendship


Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year They worked together starting then to further American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From the work sprang a friendship perhaps incomparable in intimacy and the trustfulness of collaboration and induration. It lasted 50 years. It included pleasure and utility but (1) and above them, there were shared purpose, a common end (2) an enduring goodness on both sides. Four and a half months (3) he died, when he was ailing, debt-ridden, and worried about his impoverished (4) , Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison’s reply remind us (5) friends are friends until death. They also remind us that (6) a friendship has a bearing on things larger than the (7) itself, for has there ever been a friendship of (8) public consequence than this one
"The friendship which has subsisted (9) us now half a century, the harmony of our political (10) and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through (11) long period. It’s also been a great solace to me to believe that you’re (12) in vindicating to posterity the course that we’ve pursued for preserving to them, (13) all their purity, their blessings of self-government, (14) we had assisted in acquiring for them. If ever the earth has beheld a (15) of administration conducted with a single and steadfast eye to the general (16) and happiness of those committed to it, one (17) , protected by truth, can never known reproach, it is that to which our (18) have been devoted. To myself you have been a pillar of (19) throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I (20) leave with you my last affections." A week later Madison replied—"You cannot look back to the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. If they are a source of pleasure to you, what aren’t they not to be to me We cannot be deprived of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good with which we discharge the trust committed to us and I indulge a confidence that sufficient evidence will find in its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whilst we are here.\

答案

参考答案:over

解析:该空后的and above them暗示此空当为介词,而over正好和and above搭配。

材料题

民生问题是古今中外社会发展的重大问题。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一 晁错说:“民贫则 * * 邪生。贫生于不足,不足生于不农,不农则不地著(定居);不地著则离乡轻家,民如鸟兽,虽有高城深池,严法重刑,犹不能禁也。”                                          ――《汉书□食货志》

材料二 唐太宗说:“为君之道,必须先存百姓,若损百姓以奉其身,犹割股以啖腹,腹饱而身毙。”――《贞观政要□君道》   

(1)依据材料一、二归纳中国古代明君贤人的治国思想。结合所学知识,说明唐太宗是如何实践这一思想的?

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材料三 1924年8月孙中山指出,我们国民党的民生主义,目的就是要把社会上的财源弄到平均,不过办法不同。        ——摘编自孙中山《三民主义》 

(2)孙中山解决民生问题最初的主张是什么?材料三中所提的“办法”与最初的主张有何主要变化?结合材料和所学知识,说明这种变化的历史背景。

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材料四 英国于1946年8月通过国民保障法,规定投保职工在就业、退休、怀孕、工伤、疾病、死亡等情况下可以申请补助;11月通过国民医疗保健制度;1948年颁布国民援助法,由政府拔款给贫困者以社会违法救济。德国也通过保险、救济、补助等社会保障手段来缓和私有制和竞争所必然的社会冲突。  ――摘编自段炳林《世界当代史》等

(3)依据材料四和所学知识说明西方国家如何确立福利制度?这种制度有何作用?

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材料五 1950年后,苏联国防工业获得重大突破,但工业消费品供应不足,而且质量较差,农业发展缓慢,到1953年全苏人均粮食仍低于1913年,集体农庄向国家义务交售了粮食总产量的60%和全部甜菜与皮棉,农庄庄员的劳动报酬很低,这种状况在此后很长时间内没有得到根本的改善。——摘编自段炳林《世界当代史》

(4)依据材料五归纳出苏联在发展国民经济上存在的问题。结合所学知识分析其原因和最终导致的社会后果。

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材料六 1980年邓 * * 指出:“近三十年来,经过几次波折始终没有把我们的工作着重点撞到社会主义建设这方面来……社会生产力的发展不快、不稳、不协调……”1980年又指出:“人民现在为什么拥护我们?就是这十年有发展,发展很明显。”——摘编自《邓 * * 文选》

(5)指出材料六中所说的“几次波折”中最严重的一次。结合说学知识概括指出,我国社会主义现代化建设新时期“发展”在国计民生方面取得的成就,并说明其原因。

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(6)综上,谈谈古今中外在民生问题上的经验教训。

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选择题