问题 单项选择题

患者女性,76岁,农民。既往曾经有癔症病史,表现为阵阵哭泣,说神道鬼等,有服用奋乃静等药物治疗史。近3周来常诉看到周围有一群小人在活动,这群小人有时在她身边玩耍,有时还跳到她的椅子、桌子上又唱歌又跳舞,家里的人听到她讲述后感到其可能有精神异常,故今送到我院就诊。入院检查:T 36.5℃,P 105次/分,R 17次/分,BP130/86mmHg,神志清,双侧瞳孔等大约5mm,对光反射迟钝,心肺及神经系统未见明显异常体征。时间、地点、人物定向力完整,对答切题,诉自己经常看到周围有一群小人在活动,清清楚楚,自己对此并不害怕,未引出幻听及关系、被害妄想。

目前最需进行哪项治疗措施

A.继续使用盐酸苯海索12mg/d

B.继续奋乃静6mg/d

C.停用盐酸苯海索

D.加大奋乃静剂量

E.停止使用奋乃静,换用利培酮治疗

答案

参考答案:C

解析: 患者近3周来常诉看到周围有一群小人在活动,为一种视幻觉的表现,无长期饮酒史,无明显的意识障碍、记忆及智能障碍,且精神症状有别于既往癔症的表现。入院检查:双侧瞳孔等大约5mm,对光反射迟钝,心肺及神经系统未见明显异常体征。所以在考虑诊断时基本上可以排除精神分裂症、酒精中毒性精神病、癔症、老年性痴呆的诊断。根据患者有以下特点:①近一个月来有服苯海索12mg/d、奋乃静6mg/d治疗史;②体征有双侧瞳孔扩大5mm,对光反射迟钝等;③有单纯的视幻觉的表现,幻觉生动鲜明;④无神经系统体征,头颅MRI检查结果未见异常。抗精神病药物奋乃静仅仅使用6mg/d,而抗胆碱药物苯海索12mg/d,剂量相对较大,所以抗精神病药物中毒所致的精神障碍不应该考虑。而一氧化碳中毒、急性脑炎、癔症性精神障碍等一般不具备双侧瞳孔扩大等体征以及该患者所表现的症状(鲜明生动的幻觉)。综上所述,该患者应首先考虑莨菪碱类药物中毒的诊断。该患者临床上诊断为抗胆碱药物(苯海索)中毒所致的精神障碍,采取的治疗措施停止苯海索、减量或停用奋乃静,输液等加快苯海索的排泄等对症治疗,尚无必要换用利培酮治疗。

解答题
阅读理解

London—Lazy students can now give up on work altogether as two Oxford University students have made scores of A-grade essays(论文)on the website for students to copy.

The essays are on the new website,“revise.it.”

The website includes an “Essay Lab”designed to make cheating(舞弊)as effective and effortless as possible.

Its homepage announces to surfers(网上冲浪者):“The revise.it Essay Lab is a bank of hundreds of A-Level essays covering popular topics.”

“Next time you are asked to write an essay,why not see what we have on the subject—if you are in a lazy state of mind you can even use our guide to writing the essays and then just hand them in.”

Nick Rose and Jordan Mayo,both 19 and first from Manchester,spent much of their first year as students at the university setting up the website.There is no charge for downloading the essays.

“I have never been very good at essay writing,”Rose admitted.“We don’t see essay bank as a cheating way.It’s a surprising valuable resource.You can learn a lot by reading other people’s work on the subject.”

Among other tips,the website suggests inventing important speeches to give essays extra weight:“Popular people to quote(引用)are Douglass Hurd or Disraeli.”

Hurd was a foreign secretary in the 1980s and Disraeli was a 19th century prime minister.

Teachers are expressing their opinions by e-mail that they are angry about the website that “encourages students to cheat”,but students disagree.

According to Rose:“Exams are a fight.It’s us against them.”

65.It can be inferred from this passage that______.

A.students who visit the website“revise.it”are all lazy

B.students in Oxford University are all lazy

C.websites in Oxford University are all set up by students

D.websites can provide people with different kinds of information

66.Nick Rose and Jordan Mayo set up their website for the purpose of______.

A.helping students to cheat in exams

B.helping students to improve their writing

C.making money to pay for their schooling

D.making their teacher free

67.What Rose said at last suggests that in England______.

A.it is difficult for students to pass their exams

B.it is difficult for teachers to finish their teaching

C.students are not satisfied with the education system

D.students are too lazy to learn anything