试述大脑皮质主要功能中枢的位置及其损伤后可能出现的症状。
参考答案：答：大脑皮质主要功能中枢的位置及其损伤后可能出现的症状：①躯体运动中枢，位于中央前回、中央旁小叶前部。受损后会出现对侧半身骨骼肌瘫痪；②躯体感觉中枢，位于中央后回、中央旁小叶后部，受损后会出现对侧痛、温、触、压本体感觉丧失；③视区中枢，位于距状沟两侧皮质，受损后会出现对侧视野偏盲；④听觉中枢，位于颞横回，受损后会出现听力减退；⑤听话中枢，位于左半球围绕外侧沟末端，受损后能听到声音但已不懂话意；⑥认字中枢，位于左半球围绕颞上沟末端，受损后能看到字但已不懂字意；⑦写字中枢，位于左半球额中回后份，受损后手活动正常但不会写字；⑧说话中枢，位于左半球额下回后份，受损后能发音，但说不成语句；⑨内脏运动中枢位于边缘叶，受损后内脏活动及情绪反常，近期记忆能力丧失。
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| John Russell, 83 years old, got on a Chicago bus. He saw a sign 1 that senior citizens could ride for half price. When he 2 three quarters (75 cents) into the box, the driver asked 3 his ID card. John took out his ID card. "You need a 4 CTA card," said the driver. John did not 5 the Chicago Transit Authority (CTA) card 6 he lived in New York and was in Chicago 7 his two sons. "Then you need to put in 8 three quarters," said the driver, " 9 get off the bus." Old People are usually very stubborn. John said, "Give me back my three quarters, and I'll 10 ." "I 11 - it's in the box. If you don't get off, I'll call the 12 ," said the driver, and he did. Two police cars pulled up. John and the driver told the police their 13 . "That's why you called?" one policeman asked the driver. The other policeman then said to John, "I'll give you three quarters." John shook his head, "Why should you give me the quarters? He should 14 me my three quarters." "Where are you going?" asked the policeman. "Downtown to have lunch with friends," John said. "Come on," the policeman said, "We'll get you your card." So they took him downtown to the CTA office. But the people there wouldn't give him a CTA card-he needed a(n) 15 . "What about his three quarters?" one policeman asked. The officials discussed, and a 16 was made to give John's quarters back. " 17 are you going to get there?" "By bus. And all I'm going to pay is 75 cents." "18 ," the policeman said. John got on a 19 , dropped three quarters in the box, and said, "I'm a senior citizen...." The driver looked at John and 20 . He didn't know how lucky he was to be a wise man. | ||||
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