问题 问答题

阅读下列材料
材料一:
孔子没,曾子独得其传,传之子思,以及孟子,孟子没而无传。两汉而下,儒者之论大道,察焉而弗精,语焉而弗详,异端邪说起而乘之,几至大坏。
千有余载,至宋中叶,周敦颐出于舂陵,乃得圣贤不传之学,作《太极图说》、《通书》,推明阴阳五行之理,命于天而性于人者,了若指掌。张载作《西铭》,又极言理一分殊之旨,然后道之大原出于天者,灼然而无疑焉。仁宗明道初年,程颢及弟颐实生。及长,受业周氏,已乃扩大其所闻,表章《大学》、《中庸》二篇,与《语》、《孟》并行。于是上自帝王传心之奥,下至初学入德之门,融会贯通,无复余蕴。
迄宋南渡,新安朱熹得程氏正传,其学加亲切焉。大抵以格物致知为先,明善诚身为要。凡《诗》《书》六艺之文与夫孔孟之遗言,颠错于秦火、支离于汉唐、幽沉于魏晋六朝者,至是皆焕然而大明,秩然而各得其所。此宋儒之学所以度越诸子、而上接孟氏者欤!——《宋史·道学传序》
材料二:
问:天道如何曰:只是理。理便是天道也。
如何是道于君臣、父子、兄弟、朋友、夫妇上求。
物物皆有理。如火之所以热,水之所以寒,至于君臣、父子间皆是理。
父子君臣,天下之定理,无所逃于天地之间。
饿死事极小。失节事极大。——《二程先生全书》
材料三:
所谓致知在格物者,言欲致吾之知,在即物而穷其理也。盖人心之灵莫不有知,而天下之物莫不有理。惟于理有未穷,故其知有不尽也。是以《大学》始教,必使学者即凡天下之物,莫不因其已知之理而益穷之,以求至乎其极。至其用力之久,而一旦豁然贯通焉,则众物之表里精粗无不到,而吾心之全体大用无不明矣。——朱熹《大学格物补传》
材料四:
“……今晦庵之学,天下之人,童而习之,既已人人之深,有不容于论辩者。而独惟象山之学,则以其尝与晦庵之有言,而遂藩篱之……故仆尝欲冒天下之讥,以为象山一暴其说,虽以得罪无恨。晦庵之学既已章明于天下,而象山犹蒙无实之诬,于今且四百年,莫有为之一洗者。使晦庵有知,将亦不能一日安享子庙庑之间矣。”——王守仁
材料五:
尊者以理责卑,长者以理责幼,贵者以理责贱,虽失谓之顺。卑者、幼者、贱者以理争之,虽得谓之道。于是下之人不能以天下之同情、天下所同欲达之于上。上以理责其下,而在下之罪人,人不胜指数。人死于法,犹有怜之者,死于理其谁怜之!呜乎!杂乎释老之言以为言,其祸甚于申、韩如是也。——戴震
材料六:
梁启超谭嗣同辈倡民权共和之说,则将其书节抄,印数万本秘密散布。于清思想之骤变,极有力焉。
——梁启超《清代学术概论》
我自己的政治活动,可以说是受这部书(《待访录》)的影响最早而最深。
——梁启超《中国近三百年学术史》
回答问题:

材料六《待访录》是谁的作品,其主要学术主张是什么与他同时期的三大思想家的其他两位如何对待理学

答案

参考答案:材料六《待访录》是黄宗羲的作品,其主要学术主张是天人之间只有一气,反对君主制。

填空题
完形填空

第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)

  根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

  In 1990 a report was published about what the earth might be like 20 years from then on. 71 According to the report,the picture of the earth in the year 2010 is not a pleasant one. 72 The population could be as large as 6300 million,almost 2150 million more than in 1985.More people would move into cities ,especially cities in developing countries.Cities like Cairo and Jakarta probably would each have 15 million by then.

   73 Farmers will grow 90% more food than they did in 1985,but most of the increase would be in countries that already produce enough food for their people. 74 Poor farming ways are destroying large areas of crop land,changing farms into deserts.More farmland is lost as cities become larger and more houses are built.Air pollution will get worse as industrial countries burn more coal and oil.Many of the world's forests could disappear as more and more trees are cut down.Energy will continue to be a serious problem. 75 They only workde out the situation that exists today.By changing the situation,by settling the problems,the picture can be changed.There is still time for the nations of the world to work out a plan of action.But they warned that waiting too long to make de cisions would greatly reduce the chances of success.

A.Food production will increase,but not enough to feed all the people.

B.The report was a result of a three - year study.

C.Later on,more reports came out one by one.

D.The world will be more crowded because the population will continue to grow.  E.Experts believe enough food will be produced in developing countries very soon.

  F.The experts say their picture of the earth for the year 2010 may be wrong.

G.Little increase is expected in South Asia,Africa and the Middle East.