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大运河遗产保护中的误区种种

必须清楚地认识到,经过历史的风蚀,大运河沿线历史城镇所保存的文化遗产已经很少了,有的文化遗产甚至已遭到较为严重的破坏,因此,最重要的是要加强对大运河沿线现存历史文化遗产的摸底调查,避免进一步的开发建设所可能造成的更大损失。许多地方对当地的文化深有感情,许多当地的专家也颇有研究,问题在于各地还缺乏保护的基本资料,最重要的是缺乏正确的保护理念。譬如,一谈到保护,人们往往就以为是要重新开凿运河,要重建漕运总署衙门等等。这些都是很严重的误区。   

有人提议把古老运河建成“水上高速”。大运河山东段据说提出要大规模投资重新开挖被湮没的古河道,重建分水工程,以重现昔日辉煌。问题在于,大运河的功能已经发生了重大变化,以往农耕时代的“水上通衢”地位已让位于工业时代的铁路和公路。山东济宁以北的河段早已断流,水文地貌情况也发生了很大变化,加上整个北方的缺水已属不争的事实,何处能引水济运?当年运河的“水脊”南旺镇巨大的分水工程中,一个个提升水位的水闸、蓄水的水柜和宏大的分水龙王庙,如今均已湮没消亡,而且地形地貌也有了极大变化,现在已找不到这些水工建筑的遗址,残存的龙王庙也仅剩几座小庙,残破不堪,在风雨中飘摇。另外,运河沿线原有的众多会馆、码头、市场早已破败孑存,有的已荡然无存,即使重新开凿,也不再可能重现昔日风光。   

济宁市区内沿老运河把原有的老房子全部拆除,新建了一条苏州街,看似古色古香,却不见原来的历史踪迹。扬州重视城市建设和运河沿线的整治,从2000年以来,城市中的大运河沿岸整治一新,但沿岸的历史风貌,大运河沿岸十里长堤绿柳成荫的历史古河原真性风貌,重现尚需时日。聊城也是这样,原来热闹繁华的运河码头沿线,只剩下一座国家文物保护单位山陕会馆,馆前的大运河变成了城市公园里一条普通的河沟。文物仍在,整体环境已变样,文物的运河文化价值,被无情地抹掉了。

与丰富的文物遗迹相比,大运河沿线已经完成了数量可观的重建、复建或者仿古的商业性项目,希望依托运河遗产招商引资的项目更多,破坏性建设屡见不鲜。另一方面,运河沿线以人们的生活景观为主体的古镇、古村的数量、质量却令人担忧。要想拍一张有特色的照片,还要东找西找。再不采取措施加以调查、挖掘和分类保护,恐怕就太迟了。大量历史村镇的遗产保护在城市化的高速发展中还远没有引起各方的重视,毕竟,运河不只是一条简单的水道,离开了人们的传统聚居,它的保护层次就不完善。  

(阮仪三《文汇报》2007年7月22日 原文有改动)

1.下列不属于大运河遗产保护中的误区的一项是

A.运河沿线各地缺乏保护的基本资料和正确的保护理念。

B.恢复运河沿岸的历史风貌,重建当年的漕运总衙门。

C.投入资金重新开挖被湮没的运河古道,重建分水工程。

D.济宁市区内拆除原来的老房子,沿运河新建一条苏州街。

2.为什么不能把古老运河建成“水上高速”?不属于这一原因的一项是

A.大运河水上通道的地位现已被铁路和公路取代。

B.有些河段断流,水文地貌变化,无水补济运河。

C.当年作为运河“水脊”的南旺分水工程已被湮没。

D.运河沿线的会馆、码头、市场都早已不复存在。

3.下列说法,符合文意的一项是

A.运河沿线历史城镇中的一些文化遗产经过风沙侵蚀已经造成了很大损失。

B.聊城的山陕会馆因环境的改变已失去了它原来据有的运河文化的价值。

C.运河沿线重建、复建或者仿古的许多商业项目建筑质量较差,有的已被破坏。

D.离开人们的传统聚居,运河就失去了保护,运河也就成了一条简单的水道。

答案

1.A

2.D

3.B

1.A(这是运河遗产保护中存在的问题,不是认识和做法上的误区)

2.D(这是“不能重现昔日风光”的原因,而不是不能建成“水上高速”的原因)

3.B(A“历史的风蚀”与“风沙侵蚀”的含意不同;C文中说的是一些商业项目建设破坏了运河沿线的文物遗迹;D“保护层次不完善”与“失去了保护”不同)

选择题
阅读理解

What do butterfly wings have to do with computer screens? What do birds have to do with high speed trains?

These may sound like strange things to put together. But scientists, inventors, and designers are doing just that. They are learning from nature to create new technology.

The word biomimicry (仿生学) combines two words: biology and mimicry. So people using biomimicry try to use examples in nature to design new technology.

Biomimicry is not a new idea. People have been studying nature for hundreds of years. Leonardo DaVinci used birds as models to invent his flying machine. And when the Wright Brothers made the first successful airplane, they also studied birds. In 998, Janine Benyus, a natural science writer and teacher, wrote a book about biomimicry. To develop her interest in the subject, Janine Benyus started the Biomimicry Institute.

The Biomimicry Institute is a non-profit organization. It brings together scientists, designers, inventors and many other people. It offers classes to teach people biomimicry. It provides money for people to research and test new technologies. And it wants all people, from children to adults, to think about new ways to learn from nature.

People involved with the Biomimicry Institute believe that biomimicry can help solve many of the world’s problems. Often, new technologies can harm nature, but this is not true for biomimicry. Let’s look at some examples.

Butterflies have colorful wings because light shines off them in a special way. Scientists want to copy these same ways to make light shine off computers. They hope this will make for more colorful screens.

Another example of biomimicry is the bullet train. It travels at speeds of over 250 kilometers per hour! But it had a problem: it made too much noise!

Through the observation of birds, scientists thought about a kind of bird, the kingfisher(翠鸟). The kingfisher can dive into water without making any noise because of the shape of its beak(喙). Researchers thought that if they could design the front of the train like this beak, the train would be quieter. Well, it worked!

小题1:The first paragraph is written to_____.

A.start a discussion

B.make a brief summary

C.introduce the topic of the text

D.test readers' knowledge on science小题2:Why did Janine Benyus set up the Biomimicry Institute?

A.To honor the Wright Brothers.

B.To show her recent inventions.

C.To gather talented people for her research.

D.To explore the link between nature and technologies.小题3:We know from the text that the Biomimicry Institute _____.

A.earns a lot by giving classes on biomimicry

B.tells people about their technologies

C.gives free support to scientists

D.teaches children about birds小题4:The author gives the two examples at the end of the text to show _______.

A.biomimcry works harmoniously with nature

B.the fast development of modern technology

C.how biomimcry changes our life

D.how nature inspires scientists小题5:What’s the main idea of the text?

A.Biomimicry is widely used in the world.

B.People copy nature to create new technologies.

C.The Biomimicry Institute was set up for science.

D.Birds play an important part in new technologies.