问题 问答题

设计一项研究,考察青少年吸烟行为受哪些因素的影响。请说明研究思路、具体方法、结果处理计划。

答案

参考答案:(1)研究思路
在参看国内外研究成果的基础上,通过文献研究方式,了解当前有关青少年吸烟行为的影响因素的研究现状,并找出以往研究的不足,从而确定本研究的研究方向,选取合适的问卷或编制新的问卷进行问卷调查,收集所需的资料,通过适当的统计分析方法,分析青少年吸烟行为的影响因素,最后形成研究报告。
(2)研究目的
考察青少年吸烟行为的影响因素
(3)研究假设
①被试的选择:采用多阶段分层整群抽样法从某市所有学校中随机选取10所初中和10所高中,从每所初中、高中学校中整群随机抽取初二、初三和高一、高二各两个班,抽取的3000~4000名学生全部接受问卷调查。
②研究的内容:包括青少年的吸烟状况、开始吸烟的年龄、关于吸烟的知识和态度、获得烟草的途径、家庭和学校的控烟活动、家庭人口统计学特征、父母的吸烟行为和态度,青少年所属同伴群体的吸烟行为和对吸烟的态度以及青少年家庭所在的社区环境等。
③研究的方法:调查采用WHO/中国卫生部提供的“全球青少年烟草调查(GYTS)中国问卷”调查青少年吸烟现状,如,青少年的吸烟状况、开始吸烟的年龄、关于吸烟的知识和态度、获得烟草的途径、家庭和学校的控烟活动。
自行编制青少年吸烟行为影响因素的调查问卷。通过借鉴其他研究者的相关研究中的变量或编制的问卷中的题目,编制问卷的初稿,然后选取一定的被试进行预测,确定区分度好的题目,并计算问卷的信度和效度,以保证问卷能准确测量所要测量的内容。
调查开始时,由经过培训的调查员向学生详细说明调查的目的和意义、问卷的填写方式以及保密方式,并强调学生可自愿参加,以充分获得学生的信任与合作。在班级内统一发放问卷,集中填写,当场回收,为确保获得真实可靠的信息,问卷采用无记名的方式,调查时学校老师和其他管理人员回避。
(5)结果处理计划
采用SPSS软件包进行数据的录入和统计分析。
①分析青少年吸烟行为的现状。统计有吸烟行为的学生占的比例和男女生分别占的比例,并统计分析青少年的吸烟行为在性别上有没有显著差异,分析初中与高中有吸烟行为的学生是否有显著性差异。
②分析吸烟青少年的初始吸烟年龄、烟草的来源、吸烟的原因和场所、对吸烟的认知情况以及对吸烟的态度等。
③统计分析家庭、学校、教师、社区环境以及同伴群体对青少年吸烟行为的影响是否有显著的差异。
④与国内外的研究对比,总结本研究的哪些结论是与前人研究一致的,哪些是不一致的,有哪些重大发现等。
(6)最终形成研究报告。

阅读理解

"Tom? Are you in bed yet?" called Mrs White. There was no answer. Mrs White put down her book and went to her 14-year-old son’s room. Tom was sitting in front of a bright computer screen on which a colourful dragon jumped and shouted.

"Oh, Tom! You’re still playing on that computer. You must stop now. It’s half past eleven. If you don’t go to bed soon, you’ll be very tired tomorrow," said Mrs White.

"But I’ve nearly beaten the dragon," said Tom. Mrs White could see the excitement on her son’s face. She sat down beside him.

"You are always playing on that computer. You spend more time with this machine than with your family," she said with a smile. "What’s special about it? Show me what it can do!"

"I think this is a great computer, Mum!" he said happily. "The hardware (硬件) is good. There’s so much memory and it has some wonderful software programs. This game, ’Dragon Player’, is my favourite, but I sometimes borrow games from Daniel and other friends. I don’t have to worry about any infected(感染) disks because I have a virus(病毒) detector (探测器) which can go over any disk and check it for viruses. Let me show you!" Tom began tapping. The screen changed in answer to his orders.

"Oh, Tom," laughed Mrs White. "I’m sure it’s a wonderful computer, but I’m afraid I don’t know what you’re talking about."

小题1:When Mrs White was calling Tom, he was ______.

A.playing computer games in’ his bedroom

B.playing with a dragon in his bedroom

C.playing "Dragon Player" in the study

D.lying in bed reading a book小题2: Tom was excited because ______.

A.the computer has a good memory

B.the hardware is good

C.he had nearly won the game

D.his mother came to see him小题3: What do we know about Mrs White?

A.She loves her son too much.

B.She loves computer games too.

C.She is very hard on his son.

D.She is as wonderful as the computer game.

单项选择题