问题 问答题

评述东汉初期的度田事件。

答案

参考答案:所谓度田,就是丈量土地,其中也包括核实户口。
度田的目的是增加政府租税和赋役的收入。东汉光武帝刘秀于建武十五年(39)下诏州郡“度田”,即检核垦田户口,要各州、郡清查田地数量和户口、年岁,以便国家对土地和劳动力的控制;同时也核查豪强地主的土地人口,以限制豪强大家兼并土地和奴役人口的数量,以便于封建国家征收赋税和征发徭役。
度田以失败告终。度田因触及了豪强地主的既得利益而遭到反抗,度田官员惧怕或偏护豪右,未据实检核豪强的田亩与人口数,而将豪强隐瞒的田亩数与人口数转嫁给贫民,激起了民愤。刘秀虽以度田不实的罪名处死了十几个郡守,但豪强地主煽动民变和叛乱,为避免矛盾恶化,只好停止度田。度田事件后,土地兼并仍在继续,地主田庄发展兴盛起来。
总之,东汉以度田为措施,整顿田亩、户籍及赋税管理,有利于中央集权的加强。但自西汉中期以来的土地私有制发展已成为不可阻挡的社会趋势,王莽的“王田”制失败了,刘秀的“度田”也不可能成功。“度田”的失败使东汉土地私有化进程不再受任何限制地发展,地主田庄开始成为社会经济发展的主要模式,并成为古代中国从此以后封建地主管理农耕生产的主要形式。

阅读理解

A good friend of mine was complaining about her son the other day.“Did you notice,” she started, “how he didn’t wait for me to get my salad before he dove into his?”

True enough, the boy attacked his plate faster than a cat in the wild.Without manners, we’re no more than animals.Actually, that’s not true.I’ve been watching and feeding a group of wild cats, and they show unusual politeness toward each other.Even when food is scarce, they take turns, leaving at least a small part for the next in line.

My mother educated her three children to have good manners all the time.We were made to feel very uncomfortable as if we were sitting on pins and needles until we got used to saying please, thank you, pardon me, and I’m sorry.And I have to say, while it was a painful learning experience, it was one of the most valuable.

I can’t tell you how often I sat with my friends, eating at their dinner tables, and their parents thought highly of my good manners.While it was a little embarrassing, I knew even then that my mother’s teachings were paying off.

Many years later, when I was attending seminars across the country, my manners were quite useful.

While I regret that I haven’t been a perfect example, I’m still working on it.I suppose, in this regard, my mother lives on through me.I didn’t have her beautiful singing voice or her green eyes, but she did make sure I received one of her finest characteristics.

小题1:What did the writer’s friend most probably complain about?

A.Her son’s eating too quickly.

B.Her son’s not having a healthy diet.

C.Her son’s not having good table manners.

D.Teenagers’ not having good manners.小题2:The underlined word “scarce” in Paragraph 3 probably means “________”.

A.too much

B.not delicious

C.not enough

D.quite hot小题3:We learn that the writer’s mother __________.

A.was strict about her children’s manners

B.never punished her children

C.had beautiful blue eyes

D.was not good at singing小题4:What does the writer think of her experience of learning good manners?

A.Easy and relaxing

B.Painful and valuable

C.Easy but useless

D.Too horrible小题5:We can infer from the passage that the writer _________.

A.is surely liked by everyone around her

B.is not satisfied with most people’s manners around her

C.thinks she has been a perfect example to the young

D.thanks her mother for teaching her the good manners a lot

问答题 简答题