问题 问答题

国家提出要建设一个针对特定灾害的防灾预警系统,以减少灾害损失。共有三个互斥的建设方案,寿命期均为20年。根据统计资料分析及专家论证,如果不建造该预警系统,预期未来每年灾害经济损失为120亿元;如果建造该防灾预警系统,除需要初始投资外,每年还需要支付系统维护费用,但可降低每年预期灾害损失。各方案的初始投资、每年运营维护费用及预期年损失等资料见表4-6。设定基准收益率为8%。
表4-6各方案投资、费用及预期损失表 (单位:亿元)

方案 初始投资 年运营维护费用 预期年损失
1 120 12 70
2 210 20 90
3 250 30 30
[问题]1.计算各方案初始投资的费用年值和各方案预期每年减少损失的效益。
2.项目财务评价人员拟采用费用年值比较法来评价三个方案的优劣,请判断该方法是否恰当,为什么
3.请利用费用效率分析法判断哪些方案不可行,哪些方案可行,并从中选择出一个最优方案。

答案

参考答案:1.方案1的初始投资的费用年值=120(A/P,8%,20)=12.222(亿元)
方案2的初始投资的费用年值=210(A/F,8%,20)=21.389(亿元)
方案3的初始投资的费用年值=250(A/P,8%,20)=25.463(亿元)
方案1预期每年减少损失的效益=120-70=50(亿元)
方案2预期每年减少损失的效益=120-90=30(亿元)
方案3预期每年减少损失的效益=120-30=90(亿元)
2.费用年值比较法适用于效益相同或基本相同,又难以具体估算效益的方案进行比较的情况,而本题中三个方案的效益显然不同,所以不宜采用该方法。
3.方案1的费用效率=50/(12.222+12)=2.06>1
方案2的费用效率=30/(21.389+20)=0.72<1
方案3的费用效率=90/(25.463+30)=1.62>1
由此可以看出,方案1和方案3是可行的,方案2在经济上不可行。进一步比较方案1和方案3:
差额效益/差额费用=(90-50)/(25.463+30-12.222-12)=1.28>1
所以投资额大的方案优,即方案3优。

单项选择题
阅读理解

A programmer and an engineer are sitting next to each other on a long flight from Los Angeles to New York.The programmer leans over to the engineer and asks if he would like to play a fun game.The engineer just wants to take a nap, so he politely declines and rolls over to the window to catch a few winks.

The programmer persists and explains that the game is really easy and has a lot of fun.He explains, "I ask you a question, and if you don't know the answer, you pay me $5.Then you ask me a question, and if I don't know the answer, I'll pay you $5." Again, the engineer politely refuses and tries to get to sleep.

The programmer, now somewhat anxious, says, "OK, if you don't know the answer you pay me $5, and if I don't know the answer, I'll pay you $50!" This catches the engineer's attention, and he sees no end to this torment(折磨) unless he plays, so he agrees to the game.

The programmer asks the first question."What's the distance from the earth to the moon?'' The engineer doesn't say a word, but reaches into his wallet, pulls out a five dollar bill and hands it to the programmer.Now, it's the engineer's turn.He asks the programmer, "What goes up a hill with three legs, and comes down on four?" The programmer looks up at him with a puzzled look.He takes out his laptop computer and searches all of his references.After about an hour, he wakes the engineer and hands him $50.The engineer politely takes the $50 and turns away to try to get back to sleep.The programmer, more than a little angry, shakes the engineer and asks, "Well, so what's the answer?" Without a word, the engineer reaches into his wallet, hands the programmer $5, and turns away and goes back to sleep.

小题1:What's the best title for the passage?

A.A Boring Conversation

B.A Fun Game

C.A Trick During The Flight

D.A Question Without Answer小题2:What kind of person is the programmer according to what he said?

A.Confident.

B.Selfish.

C.Greedy.

D.Generous.小题3:What can we infer according to the last sentence?

A.The engineer has little money with him.

B.Actually the engineer doesn't know the answer, either.

C.The engineer is bored with programmer.

D.The engineer beats the programmer at last.小题4:Which is NOT true according to the passage?

A.In the beginning the engineer is not interested in the game.

B.The engineer is too sleepy to want to play the game.

C.At last the engineer gains $45 from the programmer.

D.Nobody knows the answer to the engineer's question.