Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes.. emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. "The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teacher’s method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
A statement not made or implied in the text is that（）
A. attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements
B. worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area
C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D. the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants
参考答案：D
解析：
[注释] 细节辨认题。本题问：本文中没有提到或暗示的表述是什么作者列出的4个选择中前面3个直接或间接地在文章中提到了。第1段最后一句是讲法西斯纳粹主要是受他们听到的讲演和读过的书籍的坏影响，即为[A]所述的内容。第3、4段中作者谈到教师讲的各种课程对孩子“形成看法”的影响，即为[B]所指的内容。第5段中作者提到it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them，句中cajoling(哄骗)即为选项[C]中的rewards，而scolding即为选项[C]中的lectures(严责，以长篇说教训人)。可见，是否选[C]的关键是对lectures的词义的正确理解。这样，只有选择项[D]在本文中未有提及，故答案非[D]莫属。