问题 问答题

有三位来自中国、日本和美国的老师教孩子画苹果。
中国老师走进教室说:“同学们,上一节美术课,我们学习了画水杯,这一节课我们学习画苹果。大家先观察我是怎样画的。注意,先画一个正方形,注意,这个正方形要画的轻一些,因为最后要擦掉……好了,老师画完了。现在请大家拿出美术本开始画,注意我是怎样画的。”——中国学生一次就画出了最像苹果的“苹果”。
日本老师手里拿着一个苹果走进教室:“同学们,这是什么……对,这是苹果,大家喜不喜欢如果喜欢,大家可以看一看,闻一闻,摸一摸……但这个苹果不能吃,因为只有一个,而且我们这一节课要学习画苹果。”然后,将苹果放在讲台上。“现在,大家可以画苹果了。”——苹果还在,学生有了观察的对象,第一次画得可能像梨,第二次画得就有些像苹果了。
美国老师提着一篮子苹果进教室:“同学们,这是什么……对,这是苹果。大家喜不喜欢如果喜欢,大家可以上来拿一个。”同学们各自拿了一个苹果,老师接着说:“大家可以看一看,闻一闻,摸一摸,玩一玩。这些苹果老师都洗干净了,如果喜欢,还可以把它吃掉。”一段时间过去,许多同学已经吃掉了苹果。这时,老师开始布置任务:“同学们,我们这一节课要画苹果,现在请大家在自己的本子上画上苹果。”——苹果已经吃掉了,学生第一次可能画得像南瓜,第二次可能像梨,第三次画得才有点像苹果。
结合本案例回答:三位分别来自中国、日本和美国的老师在上同一节画苹果的课上,他们的教育理念和教育方式存在着什么差异

答案

参考答案:上述案例反映了中国、日本和美国在基础教育理念、教育方式等方面存在的差异,具体分析如下:
(1)中国、日本和美国教育理念存在的差异
从本质上来讲,中国、日本和美国教育理念的根本差异是侧重于创新还是侧重于打基础。中国的教育更多的是一种模式教育,学生是多学、多练、多记、多考,培养孩子吸收知识、学习行为和接受的能力。日本的教育强调创新和基础相结合,日本教师不仅注重学生个体创造性和发散思维的培养,要求学生能够自主的进行学习和创新,能结合自身的特点和优势,同时注重传统的教学方式。美国则侧重于强调创新精神,强调个人主义,是一种精英式的教育,学生是多看、多想、多干,注重培养学生的批判性思维、独立的思考能力、创造性、发现问题解决问题、学以致用的实践能力。
(2)教育方式存在的差异
中国的学校教育方式偏向于应试教育的方式,注重用最终的考试来评价学生,标准则是考试的结果,而不注重学生学习的过程。日本学校教育的方式偏重于独立性和个性化教育,学校通过传统的知识教授与活动兴趣课程的安排,促进学生意志力、创造力的培养。美国的学校教育的方式比较多样化,对学生的评价方式也多样化,并且注重学生学习的过程;在教学方式上,将知识的传授和问题的解决结合在一起,注重在学生活动的过程中培养学生的创造性和积极解决问题的能力。
中国和美国的基础教育,不能简单地说哪个好,要因人而异。在教学过程中,对中国学生,应该让他们多创新,对于美国学生,应该让他们打好基础,这样互相弥补是最恰当的.优势的相互融合才是最优的。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     The other day, my friend Jane was invited to a 40th birthday party. The time printed on the invitation was

7:30 pm. Jane went off with her husband, expecting a merry evening of wine, food, and song.

     By 9:45, everybody was having great fun, but no food had appeared. Jane and David were restless. Other

guests began whispering that they, too, were starving. But no one wanted to leave, just in case some food was

about to appear. By 11:00, there was still no food, and everyone was completely off their heads. Jane and

David left hungry and angry.

     Their experience suggests that the words on the printed invitations need to be made clearer. Everyone reads

and understands the invitations differently. Most of us would agree that 6:30-8:30 pm means drinks only, go

out to dinner afterwards; 8:00 pm or 8:30 pm means possible dinner, but 9:30 pm and any time thereafter means no food, eat beforehand, roll up late.

     But this is not always the case. If asked to a students' party at 6:30 pm, it is unaccepted for guests to appear on time. Being the first to arrive-looking eager-is social death. When my mother is asked to a party at 6:30, she

likes to be there, if not on time, then no later than seven. My age group (late thirties) falls somewhere between

the two, but because we still think we're young, we're probably closer to student-time than grown-up time.

     The accepted custom at present is confusing, sometimes annoying, and it often means you may go home

hungry, but it does lend every party that precious element of surprise.

1. The underlined words "off their heads" probably mean ______.

A. tired

B. crazy

C. happy

D. encouraging

2. Jane and David's story is used to show that ______.

A. party invitations can be confusing

B. party-goers usually get hungry at parties

C. people should ask for food at parties

D. birthday parties for middle-aged people are dull

3. For some young people, arriving on time for a students' party will probably be considered ______.

A. very difficult

B. particularly thoughtful

C. friendly and polite

D. socially unacceptable

4. What is the general idea of the text?

A. It's safe to arrive late just when food is served.

B. It's wise to eat something before going to a party.

C. It's important to follow social rules of party-going.

D. There's no need to read invitations carefully.

单项选择题