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问题 单项选择题

我国传统文化宣传孔融让梨，表扬他把最好的给祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹，最差的留给自己。这种教育的特点是强调自觉。古罗马人不是这样。为了解决军队中出现的严重不公平现象，他们没有找一个榜样来教育人，而是着眼于制度设计。比如两个士兵得到一个面包，按规定其中一个负责切割，另一个人则有权首先挑选。这样，那个切割面包的士兵为了防止自己吃亏，就会非常小心，尽量切得一样大。这样的传统延续发展，就是现代西方社会比较重视制度设计，而不仅仅依靠道德说教。
这段文字意在说明( )。

A．我国文化与古罗马文化在教育理念上存在巨大分歧
B．好的制度设计比一味的道德说教来得更有效
C．现代西方社会重视制度设计缘于其文化传统
D．完善的制度设计有助于最大限度地实现社会公平

答案

参考答案：C

解析： 文段由我国传统文化推崇榜样强调道德自觉的特点，引出与之相区别的古罗马人，他们的传统是重视制度设计，力求通过最科学的制度来引导人们的行为。古罗马人的这种传统延续发展，最终造就了现代西方社会普遍重视制度设计的现状。由此可知，文段的落脚点在于“现代西方社会”，符合这一特点的只有C项。

填空题

Just under a year ago, a sharp drop in equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature indicated the end of the 1997~1998 E1 Nino. Called by someone "the climate event of the century", it was by several measures the pest on record. (41)______.This is more than simply an academic question: the 1997~1998 E1 Nino severely disrupted global weather patterns and Pacific marine ecosystems, and by one estimate caused ＄033 billion in damage and cost 23,000 lives worldwide. (42)______.Clearly we have much to learn from this experience.
(43)______.Now E1 Nino more generally refers to a warming of the tropical Pacific basin that occurs roughly every three to seven years in association with a weakening of the trade winds. The opposite side of El Nino, La Nina, is characterized by per-than-normal trade winds and unusually cold sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Pacific. Both E1 Nino and La Nina are accompanied by swings in atmospheric pressure between the eastern and western Pacific. These swings are known as the Southern Oscillation. These phenomena are collectively referred to as ENSO or E1 Nino/Southern Oscillation.
The general mechanisms underlying the ENSO involve large-scale ocean-atmosphere interactions and equatorial ocean dynamics. But each El Nino and La Nina is unique in the combination of its strength, duration and pattern of development. Irregularity in the ENSO cycle can be seen both in the record dating back to the middle of the 19th century, and in other supporting data, such as lake sediments, coral growth rings and tree rings, going back hundreds or even thousands of years. (44)______.
Nonetheless, the 1997~1998 E1 Nino was an unusual one. It developed so rapidly that every month between June and December 1997 set a new monthly record high for sea-surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Anomalies (that is, deviations from normal) in December 1997 were the highest ever recorded along the Equator in the eastern Pacific. Moreover, before 1997~ 1998, the previous record-setting E1 Nino occurred in 1982~1983. (45)______.
Several factors may have contributed to the strength of the 1997~1998 E1 Nino. One is chaos, which some theories invoke to account for the irregularity of the ENSO cycle. Nonlinear resonances involving ENSO and the seasonal cycle have received special attention, but other chaotic interactions may affect ENSO as well. In 1997~1998, events possibly acted together to produce an extraordinarily p E1 Nino simply due to the underlying tendency towards chaos in the elimate system.
[A] So in principle, it should not be surprising that an unusually p E1 Nino occurs ever so often.
[B] Identifying why it was so p challenges our understanding of the physical mechanisms responsible for E1 Nino.
[C] From that perspective, the strength of the 1997~1998 E1 Nino may be but one manifestation of a linkage between interannual and decadal climate variations in the Pacific.
[D] These two "super E1 Ninos" were separated by only 15 years, compared with a typical 30~40 year gap between such events earlier in the 20th century.
[E] E1 Nino, Spanish for "the child" (and specifically the Christ child), is the name Peruvian fisherman gave to coastal sea-temperature warnings that first appeared around Christmas time.
[F] There were warnings of a coming E1 Nino before it occurred. But although many computer forecast models predicted that 1997 would be warm in the tropical Pacific up to three seasons in advance, none predicted the rapid development or ultimate intensity of the event before it began.
[G] In association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, sea-surface temperatures have generally been higher in the tropical Pacific from the Mid-1970s. Since then, there have been more E1 Ninos than La Ninas.
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单项选择题

审批核发药品批准文号的部门是（）

A.国家药品监督管理部门

B.国家中医药管理部门

C.国家卫生行政部门

D.国务院
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